고국원왕대 ‘平壤東黃城’의 위치와移居 기록의 성격

Abstract

King Jangsu of Goguryeo transferred the capital to Pyeongyang in 427. Later, the Pyeongyang area acted as the king’s city until Goguryeo collapsed. But there is a record that suggests that kings of Goguryeo took this place as the center of state affairs even before the reign of King Jangsu, staying in the Pyeongyang area, which drew researchers’ attention. It is the record in Year 13 of the reign of King Gogugwon in The Chronicles of the Three States (Samguk Sagi). According to the record, King Gogugwon “migrated to Pyeongyang Donghwang Fortress” in 343. Thus, many researchers have investigated and researched the location of ‘Pyeongyang Donghwang Fortress’ to which King Gogugwon migrated. And yet, in the record of The Chronicles of the Three States, there is a description that ‘Pyeongyang Donghwang Fortress’ is “in Mt. Mongmyeok-san, east of Seogyeong of today.” This is the information added during the Goryeo Dynasty period when The Chronicles of the Three States were compiled, which is an important clue for the estimation of the location of ‘Pyeongyang Donghwang Fortress.’ In Geographic books and old maps produced during the Joseon Dynasty period, it can be found that there was a place name of Mt. Mongmyeok-san, and there was a relic named ‘Hwang-seong’ in the area of Euiam-dong located east of Pyeongyang. In the area of Euiam-dong, there was a relic of a fortress, which was verified in a survey during the Japanese occupation. Especially, in the newly excavated material during the Japanese occupation, Joseon Seongji Silcheukdo, there are the surveyed drawings of Euiam-dong Fortress, which help understand its size and shape. From various situations, the relic of Euiam-dong Fortress is judged to be the substance of ‘Pyeongyang Donghwang Fortress’, that is, ‘Hwang-seong located east of Pyeongyang.’ And yet, this fortress is very small, and it is hard to accept it as a king’s fortress. It is reasonable to understand it as a facility of the subordinate administrative unit when there was Nangnang-gun or a facility for strongpoint defense installed in the place for crossing the Daedong-gang River. It is difficult to trust the record that King Gogugwon moved here is that of the Goguryeo period. It is judged to be reasonable to understand it as a record inaccurately passed down related to the relic of Euiam-dong Fortress inserted in the process of collecting various materials during the Goryeo Dynasty period when The Chronicles of the Three States were compiled.