고구려 도성 연구의 현황과 과제

Abstract

This research aims to check the current issues on Koguryo capital cities. The Koguryo capital cities can be divided into Hengren(桓仁), Jian(集安) and Pyongyang(平壤) as to the location. It is generally accepted that the Wunu Mountain fortress(五女山城) in Hengren was used for capital since Koguryo first emerged as a state. But the existence of a fortress on the plain ground is still unclear. In Jian, the second capital of Koguryo, the Guonei stone-walled fortress(國內城) and the Wandu Mountain fortress(丸都山城) are located. In the Guonei stone-walled fortress(國內城), fine-clay pottery made on a turn table was found in one of the layers inside of the fortress wall. A cirrus design roof-end tile and celadon porcelain vessels from the East Jin(東晉) period were found in the lowest layer. Based on this, the Guonei stone-walled fortress appears to have been built int he 4th century. When Koguryo moved its capital to Pyongyang, as for an earthen-walled fortress on the plain ground, either the Cheongamni earthen-walled fortress(淸岩里土 城) or the Anhak palace(安鶴宮) is thought of as having been used for capital city in previous studies. Nonetheless, both views have their own problems. In the Cheongamni earthen-walled fortress, roof-end tiles from an earlier phase were discovered, but a temple foundation was found in a place which has previously been thought of as a palace foundation. The Anhak palace was constructed, destroying a stone chamber tomb from the middle phase of Koguryo. In the palace artifacts dated to the late phase of Koguryo or even later than that were found in large numbers, too. Based on this, the palace was unlikely to be constructedn i the early 5th century.