汉语V1V2动结式的语义关系
The Semantic Relationship in Mandarin V1V2 Resultative Constructions
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已有研究普遍认为汉语动结式具有较高的能产性，但其生成也受到一定的语义限制。本文以动词作结果补语的V1V2动结式为研究对象，从V2出发，对充当结果补语的动词进行语义分类，指出“外部状态变化”是其原型语义特征。结合动词的“自变义/他变义”区分，进一步探讨其与动结式规约性之间的对应关系。本文将 V1 与 V2 之间的语义关系划分为“时间+结果”、“过程+结果”、“认知+结果”与“方式+结果”四类，并借助与“得”字补语句及因果复句的转换测试，指出不同类型动结式在致使表达中的语义限制。研究表明，V2 的语义属性对动结式的语义关系类型以及 V1 的范畴化方式具有显著的制约作用。
Abstract
Previous studies generally hold that Mandarin resultative constructions are highly productive, though their formation is subject to certain semantic constraints. This paper focuses on V1V2 resultative constructions in which the verb serves as a result complement (V2). Starting from V2, the study classifies 89 result complement verbs according to their semantic properties and identifies ‘external change of state’ as a prototypical semantic feature of result complements. Based on the distinction between internally caused change and external caused change, the study further explores the correlation between verb semantics and the degree of conventionalization in resultative constructions. The semantic relationship between V1 and V2 is categorized into four types: ‘time+ result’, ‘process + result’, ‘cognition + result’, and ‘manner + result’. Through a comparison with de-constructional complements and causal complex sentences, the study identifies the semantic constraints that different types of resultative constructions exhibit in expressing causation. The findings suggest that the semantic attributes of V2 play a significant role in constraining both the semantic relationship within the construction and the categorization of V1.