현대중국어 사동의 형태적 생산성 분석: V1V2 형식의 사동구조를 중심으로
An Analysis of Morphological Productivity in Modern Chinese Causative Construction
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The meaning of causative construction in Complement of Result is a combination of two lexical Chinese verbs expressing a causative meaning. Generally, most linguists insist that Chinese has two types of causatives—lexical causative and syntactic(or periphrastic) causative. However, they do not agree that Chinese has a morphological causative, because Chinese is an isolated language that has not undergone morphological changes. This research has opposite views to prevailing opinions. Complement of Result construction, which is special causative forms(VP) on Chinese, can be divided into two lexical words, V1 and V2. This combination structure is very similar to lexical causative structure when viewed for the sake of formality. However, when we analyze the situation in detail, we can find that they have radical differences between the structures. Turning now to morphological causatives, the prototypical case has the following two characteristics. First, the causative is related to the non-causative predicate by morphological means, for example, by affixation. A simple example provided by the prototypical morphological causative is that the means of VP(V1+V2) construction has its productivity. In this situation, VP has two types of constructions. One is ‘VP-a’ and the other is ‘VP-b’, and especially the latter has a wide variety of productivity, which is exemplified by ‘咬斷’, ‘打破’, ‘扭傷’, ‘解開’, ‘熬白’ etc. This research provides that although these structures has limitations to causative productivity, they are very close to morphological causatives, and have a broad distinction with lexical causative constructions.
Abstract
The meaning of causative construction in Complement of Result is a combination of two lexical Chinese verbs expressing a causative meaning. Generally, most linguists insist that Chinese has two types of causatives—lexical causative and syntactic(or periphrastic) causative. However, they do not agree that Chinese has a morphological causative, because Chinese is an isolated language that has not undergone morphological changes. This research has opposite views to prevailing opinions. Complement of Result construction, which is special causative forms(VP) on Chinese, can be divided into two lexical words, V1 and V2. This combination structure is very similar to lexical causative structure when viewed for the sake of formality. However, when we analyze the situation in detail, we can find that they have radical differences between the structures. Turning now to morphological causatives, the prototypical case has the following two characteristics. First, the causative is related to the non-causative predicate by morphological means, for example, by affixation. A simple example provided by the prototypical morphological causative is that the means of VP(V1+V2) construction has its productivity. In this situation, VP has two types of constructions. One is ‘VP-a’ and the other is ‘VP-b’, and especially the latter has a wide variety of productivity, which is exemplified by ‘咬斷’, ‘打破’, ‘扭傷’, ‘解開’, ‘熬白’ etc. This research provides that although these structures has limitations to causative productivity, they are very close to morphological causatives, and have a broad distinction with lexical causative constructions.
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