动词充当结果补语的语义限制
Semantic Constraints on the Verbs as Result Complements
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초록
能够充当汉语动结式V2的动词有限，是一个封闭的类，与充当V2的形容词相比，动词充当V2受到更多的制约。目前对V2动词的研究主要集中在对动词情状类型，动词情状语义特征的分析上。但是由于没有区分动词和V2动词所代表的结果事件的情状特征而导致例外多，结论相互矛盾的现象。本文主张在分析情状语义特征时，区分结果事件“NP+V2了”和动词，对郭锐(1993)的动词按照“①能够带‘了’，②带了后表示状态延续、行为延续、动作完结，③能否充当V2”进行整理，并依次分析V2动词的语义限制。首先，充当V2的动词要具有可变性，其次，具有均质性的动词带了后才能表达状态延续或行为延续，具备成为动结式结果事件的必要条件。最后还需要满足动结式的语义要求：具有瞬间变化点。除此之后，动词能否充当V2还受到动结式因果关系语义距离等因素的影响。
Abstract
Verbs that can function as V2 in Chinese resultative construction are limited and form a closed class. Unlike adjectives, verbs have more restrictions as V2. Research on V2 verbs mainly focuses on verb situation types and semantic features, but often fails to distinguish the situational features of verbs and V2(caused event), leading to exceptions and contradictions. This paper argues for distinguishing the caused event NP+V2了 from verbs when analyzing semantic features. In this paper verbs are categorized based on ① whether they can take "了", ② indicate continuation or completion when "了" is added, and ③ whether they can function as V2, then their semantic restrictions are analyzed. Verbs that function as V2 must be variable and homogeneous to express state or action continuation with "了", meeting the necessary conditions for caused events. They must also have an instantaneous change point. Additionally, causal semantics in resultative constructions influence whether a verb can function as V2.
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