高级汉语二语学习者对量级形容词的习得研究
A Study on Advanced L2 Learners’ Acquisition of Scalar Adjectives
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前人对实证研究发现，量级形容词中积极形容词的否定形式会更强烈的指向其反义词的含义。这一现象和“面子因素”无关，而与量级形容词本身的性质相关。然而，现有的研究均未涉及汉语，也未将其与二语习得结合。本研究借鉴Ruytenbeek（2017）和Mazzarella & Gotzner（2021）的研究范式，通过可接受度测试和推理测试验证汉语中否定极性现象的存在。通过对涉及面子威胁语境的否定语义加推断进一步探究和分析该现象的原因。研究发现汉语量级形容词存在否定语义加强特征，该现象深受中国文化中面子观念的影响。高级汉语学习者能基本掌握否定极性的用法，但同母语者的理解存在细微差异。本文结合相关语言学、认知语用学和社会语言学的相关理论对实验结果进行讨论。
Abstract
Previous empirical studies have found that the negative form of positive adjectives among scalar adjectives points more strongly to the meaning of their antonyms. This phenomenon is unrelated to "face considerations" but is associated with the inherent nature of scalar adjectives themselves. However, existing studies have neither covered the Chinese language nor combined this phenomenon with second language acquisition. Drawing on the research paradigms of Ruytenbeek (2017) and Mazzarella & Gotzner (2021), this study verifies the existence of the negative polarity phenomenon in Chinese through acceptability tests and inference tests. It further explores and analyzes the causes of this phenomenon by inferring the negative semantics in contexts involving face threats. The study finds that scalar adjectives in Chinese exhibit the feature of negative semantic reinforcement, and this phenomenon is deeply influenced by the concept of "face" in Chinese culture. Advanced Chinese learners can basically master the use of negative polarity, but there are subtle differences in their understanding compared with native speakers. This paper discusses the experimental results in combination with relevant theories in linguistics, cognitive pragmatics, and sociolinguistics.