자폐스펙트럼장애인의 연령, 성별, 지능에 따른 특별한 관심 분석
Analyzing Circumscribed Interests of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder According to Age, Gender, and IQ
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이 연구에서는 자폐스펙트럼장애 학생의 특별한 관심사와 반응 유형이 연령이나 성별, 지능에 따라 어떻게 나타나는지를 분석하여 그 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 27개 기관의 학부모와 교육전문가들에게 설문을 통해 284명의 특별한 관심사에 대한 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 840개의 관심사를 연령대, 성별, 지능수준에 따라 특별한 관심사의 주요범주와 하위범주, 반응유형으로 구분하여 분류하였다. 분류한 관심사는 그 빈도, 백분율, 순위로 분석하였으며, 연령 간, 성별 간, 지능수준 간 차이가 나타나는지도 검증하였다. 주요한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령에 따라 특별한 관심의 주요범주와 하위범주와 반응유형에서 약간 다른 양상이 나타났다. 학령기에 기호와 상징에 대한 관심과 특정 주제에 대한 관심이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 연령이 증가할수록 사람에 대한 관심이 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이 밖에 연령이 증가할수록 특별한 관심대상에 대한 기능적 행동이 증가하고 감각추구 및 반복행동이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 성별로는 특별한 관심의 범주에 있어서 큰 차이가 없었지만 반응유형에서는 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지능에 따른 특별한 관심의 주요범주와 반응유형은 지적수준이 높을수록 특정 주제에 대한 관심이 상대적으로 높아지고, 사물에 대한 관심이 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 반응유형별로는 지적 능력이 높을수록 기능적 사용이 다소 높게, 지적능력이 낮을수록 감각추구와 반복행동이 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과에 근거하여 자폐스펙트럼장애 학생의 특별한 관심과 연령․성․지능에 따른 특성에 대하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand the correlations between the circumscribed interests of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age, gender, and IQ through systemic analysis. Accordingly, parents and educators from 27 institutions were given surveys to collect data on circumscribed interests of 284 ASD students. A total of 840 entries were categorized according to age, gender, and IQ, and classified into the main category or subcategory and response pattern. Categorized entries were then analyzed with respect to frequency, percentile, and rank and examined for discrepancies between different age groups, genders, and IQ levels. The results were as follows: First, the categories for circumscribed interests were slightly different according to age. School age children showed an increased interest in signs and symbolism, as well as specific themes. As they got older, they developed more interest in people and engaged in more functional behavior and less sensation seeking and repetitive behavior. Second, although there was no difference between the genders in the category of circumscribed interests, response patterns showed some difference. Third, higher intellectual levels indicated more interest in specific themes and less interest in objects. Moreover, the main response pattern associated with higher IQ was functional behavior, while lower IQ was associated with sensation seeking and repetitive behavior. Based on these findings, correlations between the circumscribed interests of children with ASD and their age, gender, and IQ were drawn and discussed.
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