경제위기 이후 그리스와 포르투갈의 정치적 후견주의와 재정긴축 정책 결정
Clientelistic Linkages and Fiscal Austerity in Greece and Portugal after the Economic Crisis
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
2009년 이후 경제위기 상황에서 그리스와 포르투갈에서는 고객(유권자)과 후원자(정당) 간 후견주의적 연계 정도에 따라 재정긴축 결정과 결과가 다르게나타났다. 후견주의에 덜 의존하는 포르투갈 정당들은 경제위기가 시작되자 여러 가지 재정 긴축적인 조치들이 주요 정당인 PS와 PSD 간 긴밀하게 협의되었고 대체로 합의되었다. 이와는 대조적으로 후견주의에 강하게 의존하는 그리스정당정치에서 주요정당인 PASOK와 ND는 경제위기에 직면하여 재정을 줄이는개혁조치들에 대해 서로 비난회피적인 태도로 일관하며 확장적 재정정책을 주장하였다. 그리스 정당들은 조직적으로 과잉 약속을 하고 유권자들이 과잉 기대를 하게 만들었으며, 이는 이러한 약속들이 이행되지 않았을 때 처벌과 분노로 이어졌다. 이와 대조적으로 포르투갈 정당들은 그렇게 많은 것을 약속하지않았고, 유권자들 역시 그들에게 많은 것을 기대하지 않았다.
Abstract
In the face of the economic crisis since 2009, Greek and Portuguese political parties have different fiscal tightening decisions and results depending on the degree of clientelistic linkages between clients (voters) and sponsors (parties). Portuguese political parties, which rely less on patronage, have been closely negotiated and generally agreed on between major parties, PS and PSD, as the economic crisis begins. In contrast, the major parties in Greek party politics, which rely strongly on patronage, PASOK and ND, tooked blame-avoidance strategies and argued for expansionary fiscal policies on reform measures to reduce finances in the face of an economic crisis. Greek political parties systematically made excessive promises and made voters over-expect, which led to punishment and anger when these promises were not fulfilled. In contrast, Portuguese political parties did not promise so much, and voters did not expect much from them either.
참고문헌 (62)
- 강유덕, "남유럽 경제위기의 본질과 향후 전망", 오늘의 세계 경제, 10(12) (2010), 대외경제정책연구원
- 고주현, "포르투갈의 민주주의 이행과정 분석", 유럽연구, 34(4), pp.237~269 (2016), 한국유럽학회[DOI]
- 고주현, "민주화 이후 포르투갈 정당체제 변화", EU연구, (48), pp.207~249 (2018), EU연구소[DOI]
- 신현중, "남유럽국가들의 복지국가로의 발전 양상: 문화적 특성, 국민의 복지인식 및 복지지출규모를 중심으로", 한국사회와 행정연구, 20(4), pp.239~268 (2010), 서울행정학회
- 은민수, "복지국가의 주택소유와 공공지출, 주택소유율의 변동", 한국사회정책, 24(4), pp.3~29 (2017), 한국사회정책학회[DOI]
- 이경희, "남유럽 국가의 과도한 공적연금 의존과 재정위기", KIRI weekly, (90), pp.10~13 (2010)
- 정병기, "그리스의 위기와 진보 좌파 정치의 대응 및 전망: SYRIZA를 중심으로", 마르크스주의 연구, 11(4), pp.12~40 (2014), 사회과학연구원[DOI]
- 정병기, "그리스 제3공화국 정당체제 -일당우위제와 불완전 양당제의 해체 및 재편-", 지중해지역연구, 17(2), pp.33~59 (2015), 지중해지역원[DOI]
- 정병기, "민주화 이후 그리스의 균열 구조 변화와 포퓰리즘 균열", 지중해지역연구, 20(4), pp.51~73 (2018), 지중해지역원[DOI]
- 정창률, "남부유럽 국가의 연금개혁 비교연구: 이탈리아, 스페인, 그리스를 중심으로", 사회복지정책, 42(1), pp.161~186 (2015), 한국사회복지정책학회[DOI]
- 조이환, "포르투갈의 현대 정치사에 관한 연구", 중남미연구, 27(2), pp.405~426 (2009), 중남미연구소
- 진영재, "남부 유럽의 정치 변동: 근대화 전환 과정의 그리스, 스페인, 포르투갈을 중심으로", 국제정치논총, 43(1), pp.431~452 (2003), 한국국제정치학회
- 한국금융연구원, , 주간 금융브리프, 20(26) (2011)
- 홍익표, "남유럽의 민주주의 이행과 공고화 : 스페인, 포르투갈, 그리스의 비교", 국제지역연구, 2(4), pp.67~92 (1998)
- Allan, J. P., "Political partisanship and welfare state reform in advanced industrial societies", American Journal of Political Science, 48(3), pp.496~512 (2004)
- Alexandre Afonso, "How party linkages shape austerity politics: clientelism and fiscal adjustment in Greece and Portugal during the eurozone crisis", Journal of European Public Policy, 22(3), pp.315~334 (2015)
- Bosco, A., "What changes in South European parties? A comparaꠓtive introduction", South European Society and Politics, 11(3-4), pp.331~358 (2006)
- Bosco, A., "Electoral Epidemic : The Political Cost of Economic Crisis in Southern Europe 2010-2011", South European Society and Politics, 17(2), pp.129~154 (2012)
- Carlos Jalal, "Party Patronage and Party Government in European Democracies" (2012), Oxford University Press
- Cousins C., "Society, Work and Welfare in Europe" (1999), London
- Cristina Flesher Fominaya, "European Anti-austerity and Pro-democracy Protests in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis", Social Movement Studies, 16(1), pp.1~20 (2017)
- Di Mascio, F. Jalali, C., "Southern European party patronage in comparative perspective", PSA Conference (2014)
- Emmanuele Pavolini, "From Austerity to Permanent Strain? The EU and Welfare State Reform in Italy and Spain", Comparative European Politics, 13(1), pp.56~76 (2014)
- European Commission, "The Economic Adjustment Programme for Portugal" (2011), European Commission
- European Commission., "The Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece. First Review-December 2012", European Commission, ~ (2012)
- Ferrera, Maurizio, "The ‘Southern Model’ of Welfare in Social Europe", Journal of European Social Policy, 6, pp.17~37 (1996)
- Ferrera, Maurizio, "Welfare State Reform in Southern Europe: Fighting Poverty and Social Exclusion in Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal" (2005), Routledge
- Ferrera, Maurizio, "The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare" (2010), State Oxford University Press
- Financial Times, "New Greek PM under Pressure on Fiscal Crisis", ~ (2009)
- Financial Times, "Greece Replaces Finance Minister", ~ (2011)
- Financial Times, "Greek Opposition Dashes Hopes for Unity", ~ (2011)
- Francesca Gambarotto, "The Peripheralization of Southern European Capitalism within the EMU", Review of International Political Economy, 22(4), pp.788~812 (2015)
- Giger, N., "The electoral consequences of welfare state retrenchment:blame avoidance or credit claiming in the era of permanent austerity?", European Journal of Political Research, 50(1), pp.1~23 (2011)
- Häusermann, S., "Rethinking party politics and the welfare state", British Journal of Political Science, 43(1), pp.221~240 (2013)
- Hopkin, J., "A ‘southern model’ of electoral mobilisation? Clientelism and electoral politics in Spain", West European Politics, 24(1), pp.115~136 (2001)
- Jalali, C., "Party Patronage and Party Government in European Democracies", pp.294~315 (2012), Oxford University Press
- Kitschelt, H., "Patrons, Clients, and Policies", pp.298~321 (2007), Cambridge University Press
- Kitschelt, H., "Patrons, Clients, and Policies", pp.1~49 (2007), Cambridge University Press
- Kopecky, P., "Party Patronage and Party Government in European Democracies", pp.358~374 (2012), Oxford University Press
- Kopecky, P., "Party Patronage and Party Government in European Democracies", pp.3~16 (2012), Oxford University Press
- Matsaganis, M, "Mending Nets in the South: Anti-poverty Policies in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain" (2003)
- Matsaganis, M., "Union structures and pension outcomes in Greece", British Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(3), pp.537~555 (2007)
- Mitsopoulos, M., "Understanding the Crisis in Greece: From Boom to Bust" (2011), Palgrave
- The Spanish Development of Southern Welfare, "Moreno, L.", IESA-CSIC, ~, pp.Working Paper 97-04 (1997)
- Moreno, L., "New Risks, New Welfare: The Transformation of the European Welfare State", pp.137~160 (2004), Oxford University Press
- Moreno, L., "Southern Welfare States in Transition: Crisis, What Crisis? Issues for Discussion", Paper submitted at the Conference on Social Research and Social Policy in Southern Europe (1996)
- Müller, W. C., "Handbook of Party Politic", pp.189~195 (2006), Sage
- OECD, "Greece: Review of the Central Administration" (2011), OECD
- Pappas, T., "Patrons against partisans: the politics of patronage in mass ideological parties", Party Politics, 15(3), pp.315~334 (2009)
- Pappas, T., "Why Greece failed", Journal of Democracy, 24(2), pp.31~45 (2013)
- "Parties and Elections in Europe"[URL]
- Peter Mair, "How Parties Organize: Chang and Adaptaion in Party Organization in Western Democracies", pp.1994~ (1994), Sage
- Polyxeni Triantafyllou, "Handbook of West European Pension Politics" (2006), Oxford University Press
- Richard. S. Katz, "Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party", Party Politics, 1(1), pp.5~28 (1995)
- Royo, S, "Portugal in the Twenty-First Century", pp.173~214 (2012), Lexington Books
- Schumacher, G. Vis, B., "Political parties’ welfare image, electoral punishment and welfare state retrenchment", Comparative European Politics, 11(1), pp.1~21 (2013)
- "How Greece’s Political Elite Ruined the Country" (2011)[URL]
- "Political rents, promotion incentives, and support for a non-democratic regime"[URL]
- Van Biezen, I., "Going, going, ... gone? The decline of party membership in contemporary Europe", European Journal of Political Research, 51(1), pp.24~56 (2012)
- Vasilopoulou, S., "Greece in crisis:austerity, populism and the politics of blame", Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(2), pp.388~402 (2013)
- Zartaloudis, S., "The Politics of Financial Crisis Since 1980", pp.158~176 (2013), Routledge
- Zartaloudis, S., "The impact of the fiscal crisis on Greek and Portuguese welfare states:retrenchment before the catch-up?", Social Policy and Administration, 48(4), pp.430~449 (2014)
