한국어 장형 부정문의 비해석성 격자질에 대한 아동 학습자의 문법적 민감성: 예비 실험
Children’s Grammatical Sensitivity to the Uninterpretable Case Feature in Korean Long Form Negation: A Pilot Study
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초록
이 연구는 명시적 지도 없이 자연스런 환경에서 노출된 정보에 의지해서는 그 규칙성을 파악하기 어려운 문법적 제약에 대해 아동 학습자들이 민감하게 반응하는지 알아볼 목적으로 수행되었다. 이 목적에 적합한 문법 요소로 한국어 장형 부정문에 작용하는 비해석성 격자질을 선택하였고, 4~5세 취학 전 아동 5명을 대상으로 예비 실험을 실시하였다. 실험에 참여한 아동들에게 문장을 하나씩 들려주고 따라 말하게 한 뒤, 잘못된 부분이 있는지 판단하게 했다. 잘못된 부분이 있다고 대답한 경우에는 어느 곳을 고쳐야 하는지 물었다. 연구 결과, 개인차가 어느 정도 관찰되었으나 모든 아동들이 문법적 격 부가와 비문법적 격 부가를 민감하게 구분하고 있음을 발견했다. 특히 비문법적 격표지가 포함된 문장을 따라 말할 때 무의식중에 그 격표지를 빠뜨리고 발음하는 경우가 자주 목격되었는데, 이는 관련 통사적 정형성에 대한 안정된 내재적 표상이 존재함을 뒷받침한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate child language learners’ sensitivity to grammatical constraints that are not sufficiently evident in the input that they receive. The uninterpretable feature involved in Korean long-form negation was taken into consideration, where the choice of the nominative –ka or the accusative –ul alternates in association with verb type. Five preschool children (ages between 4;8 and 5;6) were asked to perform an oral repetition task along with a judgment-and-correction task, through which an observation was made to determine if they are sensitive to the grammaticality in question. The results revealed that although there was a measurable degree of individual difference, all the children sensitively discerned grammatical and ungrammatical forms. In particular, they often dropped illegitimate case markers when repeating sentences containing them, implying that they have a firm internal representation of relevant syntactic well-formedness.
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