러시아어 인상술어에 대한 통사적 고찰: 양상조동사(modals)를 중심으로
A Syntactic Analysis on Russian Raising Predicates: Focusing on Modal Auxiliaries
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초록
This study investigates the syntactic structure of the Russian modal predicates from a point of view that the Russian modals are raising predicates. Unlike the linguistic tradition that epistemic modals have raising structures, while deontic modals have control structures, this research concludes that the Russian modal predicates, regardless of epistemic or deontic modality, are of the structure of raising. Raising of the Russian modal predicates is proved by the following factors: i) unavailability of passivization as language-universals like in German and English, ii) the issues of scope of modal expressions, iii) subject in dative in impersonal sentences irrespective of presence of modals, iv) lack of the use of modal predicates in infinitival/impersonal sentences, and v) there/it-insertion in English, which realizes as zero-place holder in Russian, such as начинает смеркаться. Dative NP of infinitival sentences is structurally case-marked by verbal infinitive and the base-generated dative NP moves up to spec of TP. Modals, which do not theta-mark, merge on T°. Raising is triggered by the only one theta role and no assigned case. That is, raising occurs for modals to acquire subject theta-role from the underlying verbal infinitives.
Abstract
This study investigates the syntactic structure of the Russian modal predicates from a point of view that the Russian modals are raising predicates. Unlike the linguistic tradition that epistemic modals have raising structures, while deontic modals have control structures, this research concludes that the Russian modal predicates, regardless of epistemic or deontic modality, are of the structure of raising. Raising of the Russian modal predicates is proved by the following factors: i) unavailability of passivization as language-universals like in German and English, ii) the issues of scope of modal expressions, iii) subject in dative in impersonal sentences irrespective of presence of modals, iv) lack of the use of modal predicates in infinitival/impersonal sentences, and v) there/it-insertion in English, which realizes as zero-place holder in Russian, such as начинает смеркаться. Dative NP of infinitival sentences is structurally case-marked by verbal infinitive and the base-generated dative NP moves up to spec of TP. Modals, which do not theta-mark, merge on T°. Raising is triggered by the only one theta role and no assigned case. That is, raising occurs for modals to acquire subject theta-role from the underlying verbal infinitives.
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