정조(正祖)의 「상림십경(上林十景)」으로 본 동궐(東闕) 후원에 펼쳐진 위정(爲政)과 감흥(感興)의 이념경관

Abstract

This study analyzed and interpreted the landscape meaning and symbolism contained in the seven-character quatrain 「Sangnim Sipgyeong」 written by King Jeongjo, the 22nd king of the Joseon Dynasty, which selected ten beautiful landscapes in the rear garden of Donggwol. The study examined the contents of the title and the poem through comparative analysis and examination with related graphic materials using 「Sangnim Sipgyeong」 and <Donggwoldo> as the basic references. Then, it compared and examined the title and the poem of Jeongjo’s 「Sangnim Sipgyeong」 with those of Sukjong, Sunjo, and Ikjong, thereby conducting the research in a manner that parallels literature graphic materials and field investigations. The study reveals that the landscapes, settings, and activities described in 「Sangrim Sipgyeong」 vividly reflect the multi-dimensional thinking of governance and inspiration relevant to that era. The poem not only showcases the natural beauty and seasonal delights of the rear garden, but also reflects the king’s philosophical stance as a ruler. It encapsulates his governing principles and intentions. The dynamic poetic language of 「Sangrim Sipgyeong」 emphasizes the harmony between ruler and subjects, with references to activities such as farming, silkworm breeding, archery, and observing the civil service exam as essential aspects of governance. Simultaneously, the poem portrays refined emotions, including reminiscences of previous kings, admiration for lotus flowers, flower viewing, boating, and moonlit or snow-covered landscapes, all within the framework of natural affinity and unity with water. These representations align with the ideological landscape symbolism, reflecting the king’s internalized views and behavior across political, economic, social, and religious dimensions. The meaning derived from the formation and enjoyment of 「Sangrim Sipgyeong」 can be understood as a product of the social context unique to the cultural group it represents. King Jeongjo’s 「Sangrim Sipgyeong」 serves as a distillation of royal ideology, embodying the prosperity and welfare of the people while pursuing personal enjoyment, inspiration, and self-cultivation. In summary, 「Sangrim Sipgyeong」 serves as an ideological landscape, encapsulating the philosophy and self-awareness that shaped the collective consciousness of Joseon culture, built upon its value systems, ideals, and aspirations. The landscapes described in the poem transcend mere physical features, instead embodying an ideological cultural landscape that conveys the king’s vision for governance and the aspirations of a true ruler.