조선후기 금고의 범자 체계와 제작시기

Abstract

The oldest Buddhist gong with Sanskrit characters was made in 1666 during the late Joseon period, with the inscription “the Kangxi 5th Year of Jangcheonsa Temple,” and the five Sanskrit characters system continued to a Buddhist gong with the inscription “Qianlong 36th year Donggeukrak” made in 1771. The four Sanskrit characters system appeared on the Buddhist gong of Neunggasa Temple with the inscription “Qianlong 35th year” in 1770, and the four Sanskrit characters system continued until the Buddhist gong of Beomosa Temple with the inscription “Tongzhi 1st year” in 1862. The six Sanskrit characters system appeared on a Buddhist gong with the inscription “Daoguang 17th year” in 1837. Although exceptional, a Buddhist gong with the inscription “Qianlong 29th year” in 1764 had nine Sanskrit characters. When analyzing Buddhist gongs without manufacturing year based on the Sanskrit system of the manufacturing year of the late Joseon Dynasty, Buddhist gongs with five Sanskrit characters in Gakyeonsa Temple in Goesan and Yongmunsa Temple in Namhae are similar to the Buddhist gongs of the 18th century. The Buddhist gong with four Sanskrit characters in Oeosa Temple in Pohang is similar to a Buddhist gong in Neunggasa with the inscription “Qianlong 35th year” in 1770. The Buddhist gongs in Gapsa Temple in Gongju are similar to the Buddhist gong with the inscription “Qianlong 55th Seonamasa” in 1789. The reason for the Sanskrit system of the Buddhist gongs of the late Joseon period changing seems to be related to the craftsmen who made them. Taeung, who made the Buddhist gong in Jangcheonsa Temple in 1666, Lee Mandol, who made a Buddhist gong in 1764, and Kwon Dongsam, who made the Buddhist gong in Seonamsa Temple in 1789 seem to have applied the Sanskrit characters to the temple bells they made. It is thought that the craftsmen who made the Buddhist gongs in the late Joseon Dynasty applied the Sanskrit system of the temple bells to the Buddhist gongs based on it, and gradually seem to express a simplified Sanskrit system on the Buddhist gongs.