유럽연합의 공동외교안보정책 발전과 리스본조약에서의 안보전략 강화
Development of EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Strengthening of Security Strategy in the Treaty of Lisbon
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탈냉전시대를 맞아 공동외교안보정책(CFSP)을 ‘제2기둥’으로 포함한 유럽연합(EU)이 출범하면서 유럽안보질서는 독자적으로 발전할 수 있는 근간을 갖추게 되었다. 크게 변화했다. 이를 토대로 EU는 군사적 역할에 덧붙여 정치적 역할까지 지니게 된 북대서양조약기구(NATO)와의 협력관계를 정립하면서 독자적인 군사 능력을 갖추기 위해 노력하게 되었다. 이러한 점을 염두에 두면서 본 논문은 EU가 추진한 CFSP의 발전 현황을 먼저 살펴보고, 최근 발효된 리스본조약을 통해 EU가 강화하고자 하는 대외관계와 방위 기능에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 우선 새로운 유럽안보환경에서 EU가 공동외교안보정책을 추진하게 된 배경과 구체화 과정을 검토하고, NATO와의 협력을 증진시키면서도 다른 한편으로는 유럽안보방위정책(ESDP)을 수립하고 자체적 군사 능력을 확립하기 위해 노력한 측면들을 논하고자 한다. 또한 EU가 유럽안보전략을 강화하기 위해 리스본조약에서 ESDP를 공동안보방위정책(CSDP)으로 전환시켰고 유럽대외관계청(EEAS)을 신설하였으므로, 본 논문은 EU가 리스본조약을 통해 CFSP 범주 내에서 강화시킨 CSDP의 내용을 논하고, EEAS의 구조를 중심으로 설명하면서 ‘연합 외교안보정책 고위대표’(HR/VP)의 주요 역할을 규명하고자 한다.
Abstract
In the post-cold war era, with the creation of the European Union(EU) that included the Common Foreign and Security Policy(CFSP) as 'second pillar', the European security order furnished the basis that led to the development its own foundation. Based on this, the EU started striving for independent military capability, while establishing cooperative relations with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO), establishing a political role in addition to a military role. With these points in mind, this paper researches the development of the CFSP that the EU executed, and analyzes the external relations and defense capabilities that the EU seeks to strengthen through the Treaty of Lisbon which came into effect recently. For this purpose, this paper examines the background and refinement process of the EU's developing the CFSP in the new European security environment, and discusses aspects of promoting cooperation with NATO and striving to establish European Security and Defense Policy(ESDP) and independent military capability. Also, because the EU switched from ESDP to Common Security and Defense Policy(CSDP) in the Treaty of Lisbon to strengthen the European security strategy and established the European External Action Service(EEAS), this paper treats the contents of the CSDP that the EU strengthened within the category of CFSP through the Treaty of Lisbon, and makes a close inquiry into the main role of the "High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affaires and Security Policy(HR/VP)" in describing the structure of EEAS.
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