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학습장애아의 실행기능에 관한 고찰

Study on Executive function of Children with Learning Disorder

송찬원
한국특수교육문제연구소 (Research Institute of the Korea Special Education)|2009.06|특수교육저널:이론과 실천 (Journal of Special Education: Theory and Practice)|제10권 제2호|pp. 129-149

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참고문헌

키워드

학습장애실행기능executive function학습 전략전두엽learning strategylearning disorder
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 학습장애아의 실행기능에 대하여 문헌 고찰 방법을 통하여 크게 3가지 측면에서 살펴보았다. 첫째, 실행기능 연구의 근간이 되는 전두엽 관련 연구들을 역사적으로 살펴봄으로써 실행기능의 개념을 제시하였고, 둘째, 학습장애아의 실행기능에 관한 학문적 접근을 신경심리학 측면에서 간략히 살펴보았으며, 마지막으로, 학습장애아의 실행기능 특성에 따른 적합한 학습 전략을 탐색하는 데에 연구의 목적을 두었다. 연구방법은 실행기능 관련 국내외의 선행 연구들을 수집하여 문헌분석과 고찰을 실시하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 우선 초기 신경심리학자들은 전두엽과 관련하여 실행기능을 연구하였다. 그 결과 전두엽의 가장 앞쪽 부분인 전전두엽(prefrontal lobe) 피질은 실행기능을 담당하는 대뇌피질의 한 영역으로서 매우 중요한 부분임이 밝혀졌다. 다음으로 실행기능은 뇌와 행동간의 관계, 뇌와 지적 능력과의 관계를 다루는 신경심리학 측면에서 반드시 측정되어야 할 인지능력이며, 결국 이 실행기능은 아동의 학습 능력과 행동에 영향을 미치는 중요한 변인임이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 측면에서 학습장애아의 실행기능 특성을 고려한 효과적인 학습 전략 수립의 필요성이 요구되었으며, 그로인한 몇 가지 효과적인 학습 전략이 탐색되었다.

Abstract

This study looks into the executive function of children with learning disorder from three perspectives through documentary study. First, historical aspect was dealt with by looking at studies related with the frontal lobe that is the basis for the study on executive function second, academic approach on the executive function of children with learning disorder was briefly looked at from neuropsychological aspect; and lastly, the purpose of this study was laid on seeking appropriate learning strategy according to the executive function of children with learning disorder. According to the result of the study, the early neuropsychologists studied executive function in relation with the frontal lobe. As a result, it was found that the prefrontal lobe which is at the very front of the frontal lobe is an important part of the cerebral cortex which is in charge of executive function. Moreover, it was found that executive function is a necessary cognitive capability that should be measured from the aspect of neuropsychology that deals with the relationship between the brain and behavior, and between the brain and intellectual capacity. This identified the fact that executive function is an important variable that influences the learning ability and behavior of children. This called for the need of establishing an effective learning strategy that considers the characteristics of executive function of children with learning disorder; and various strategies have been researched.

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