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학습장애아와 ADHD아동 및 일반아의 실행기능 특성

Executive Functional characteristics of Children with Learning Disability, Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Children with Normal

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초록

본 연구는 최근 학교현장에서 관심이 고조되고 있는 학습장애아와 ADHD아동 및 일반아의 실행기능 특성을 비교 분석하고자하는 목적으로 시도되었다. 이러한 연구목적을 수행하기위해, 연구대상은 읽기학습장애아 30명, 수학학습장애아 30명, ADHD아동 30명, 일반아동 30명으로 선정되었다. 연구에서 집단별 실행기능의 특성을 알아보기 위해 사용된 검사도구는 ‘아동용 Kims 전두엽-관리기능 신경심리검사’이다. 이 검사도구의 4가지 소검사로는 스트룹검사(Stroop Test), 단어유창성 검사(Word Fluency Test), 도안유창성 검사(Design Fluency), 인출효율성 검사(Auditory Verbal Learning Test)이다. 연구의 검증은 집단간 유의미한 차이가 있는지를 검증하기 위해 SPSS 14.0 프로그램을 통한 일원변량분석(oneway ANOVA)과 중다변량분석(MANOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과, 읽기-LD아동과 수학-LD아동 및 ADHD아동과 일반아동의 집단간에 실행기능의 하위영역인 반응억제와 자기조절, 인지적 유연성, 작업 기억 능력에서 분명한 차이가 있었다. 결국 세 집단간의 학습능력 및 행동 문제와 밀접한 실행기능 차이를 비교한 본 연구는 학습장애아동과 ADHD아동 및 일반 아동 간에 독특한 특성을 고려한 차별화된 교수-학습방법 적용과 중재방법이 필요함을 시사해주며, 향후 학습장애아동과 ADHD아동 집단간 상위인지 특성의 차이를 밝히고, 차별화된 교수-학습 방법 적용에 관한 기초자료를 제공해 줄 것이다.

Abstract

This study is aimed for revealing differences of executive functional characteristics of children with learning disability, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), and children with normal. The sample consists of 30 reading disorder children, 30 math disorder children, 30 ADHD children, and 30 normal children. ‘Kims Frontal-Executive Function Test for children’was employed as an investigation tool for finding executive functional traits of each group in this study. This tool is comprised of four small tests, which are ‘Stroop Test’, ‘Word Fluency Test’, ‘Design Fluency’, and ‘Auditory Verbal Learning Test’. This study conducted one-way ANOVA and MANOVA by using SPSS 14.0 program so as to verify whether there are significant differences among each group. The following findings are derived based on this study’s results and debates. Among learning disability children, ADHD children, and normal children, there are obvious differences of the capability of self-control and response, cognitive flexibility, working memory which are sub-types of executive function. Therefore, this study that compared differences of learning ability and executive function related to activity traits among three groups will support not only for applying a distinctive teaching-learning method, but also for study of mediation considering unique traits among children with learning disability, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), and children with normal.

참고문헌 (34)

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