상담자 성인애착과 내담자가 지각한 작업동맹간의 관계 - 개관 및 방법 논의
A review of the relationship between counselor attachment and working alliance perceived by clients
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이 연구에서는 상담자 성인 애착과 내담자가 지각한 작업동맹 간의 관계에 대한 연구물을 방법적인 측면에서 개관하고 앞으로의 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다. 검토결과, 상담자 성인애착이내담자가 지각한 작업동맹을 유의하게 예측한다는 연구물과 유의한 관계를 확인하지 못한 연구물이 혼재되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 작업동맹에 대한 상담자 애착과 내담자 애착의 상호작용효과에 대한 분석 결과도 일관성 있게 나타나지 않고 있었다. 이렇게 일관성 있는 결과를나타내지 못한 원인에 대한 두 가지 가능성을 제시하고, 그 의미에 대해 논의하였다. 첫 번째 가능성은 상담자가 내담자를 애착대상으로 보지 않기 때문에 애착체제가 활성화 되지 않는다는 것이다. 두 번째 가능성은 상담자 성인애착 패턴이 편포를 이루고 있어서 정상분포를 가정하는 통계적 분석방법으로 그 효과를 찾아내기 어렵다는 것이다. 이와 같은 점을 고려하여 다음과 같은세 가지 과제를 제시하였다. 첫째, 상담자 대부분이 안전 애착 패턴을 보인다는 점을 고려하여불안전 애착 효과의 의미를 해석할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 상담자 애착과 작업동맹 간의 관계를 검토할 때, 분석에 포함된 상담자의 수 및 상담자 애착 패턴의 편포를 고려하여 1종 오류 수준을완화할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 상담자의 일반적인 애착보다는 작업동맹에 보다 직접적으로 영향을미치는 매개 변인(예, 상담자에 대한 애착)을 정의하고, 이 매개 변인과 상담자 애착의 관계를검토하는 전략이 필요하다.
Abstract
This review examined the relationship between counselor attachment patterns and working alliance perceived by clients. However the results demonstrated inconsistency in the relationship between the two variables. That is, the evidence that counselor attachment pattern or interaction between client and counselor attachment pattern indeed contribute to perceived alliance was found only in some studies. Two possible explanations were presented: (a)as the counselor did not see his/her client as their attachment object, counselor attachment system was not activated, and (b)as the majority of the counselors have secure attachment pattern(i. e., range restriction), a significant relationship between counselor attachment and working alliance could not be detected. Finally, two suggestions regarding future direction of research were presented; (a)when interpret the effects of counselor insecure attachment, one needs to consider the distribution of counselor attachment patterns, (b)type I error rate need be relaxed, and (c) the process that the effect of counselor attachment is delivered to client working alliance perception(e. g., client attachment to the therapist) need be identified and the characteristics of this process be explored.
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