작업동맹에 관한 상담자와 내담자의 평정 일치와 상담자 성인애착 및 상담자의 상담경험 수준과의 관계
Clients’ and counselors’ agreement in working alliance ratings, counselor attachment anxiety and avoidance, and counselor experience level.
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본 연구는 작업동맹 강도에 관한 상담자와 내담자의 평정 일치에 미치는 상담자 애착불안과 애착회피의 영향을 T&B 모델을 활용하여 검증한 Kivlighan과 Marmarosh(2018)의 분석결과를 반복검증 하는 한편, 상담자 애착 변인 외에도 상담자의 상담경험 수준이 미치는 영향을 탐색적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 작업동맹에 대하여 상담자는 내담자보다 평균적으로 낮은 평정을 하며, 애착회피가 높은 상담자는 더욱 낮게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 작업동맹에 대한 상담자와 내담자의 평정 간에는 유의한 관련이 나타나지 않았으며, 이에 대한 상담자의 성인애착 변인의 조절 효과도 나타나지 않았다. 상담자의 경험 수준 변인 중 상담자의 최종학력 변인이 투입되었을 때는 작업동맹에 대한 상담자와 내담자의 평정 간 유의한 상관이 나타났다. 상담자의 학력이 ‘석사과정 재학 중이거나 수료 상태’일 때 상담자와 내담자 평정 간 상관이 가장 컸고, ‘석사 졸업생 및 박사과정 재학생’의 경우는 역상관을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. ‘박사과정 수료생 및 졸업생’의 경우는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계점을 제시하고, 이런 한계 내에서 상담자 교육 및 연구, 상담수련에 대한 함의를 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study replicated Kivlighan & Marmarosh(2018), an analysis of the relationship between counselors’ and clients’ agreement in early working alliance ratings and counselor adult attachment using T & B model. Furthermore, in this relationship additional effect of the counselor experience level was tested. Contrary to the expectations, counselors’ working alliance ratings were not significantly related to clients’ working alliance ratings. Counselors’ adult attachment anxiety and avoidance were not significantly related to the working alliance ratings agreement. However, counselors’ working alliance ratings were significantly lower than their clients’ ratings. Finally counselors’ education level was significant predictor of the working alliance ratings agreements. In particular, trainees with low education level , i. e., master’s student trainees showed the greatest correlation with their clients’ ratings of working alliance. In contrast, post master’s trainees showed the worst correlation. Doctoral and post doctoral students showed in-between level correlation. The implications of the results of this analysis on counselor education, research, and training were discussed.
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