작업동맹 지각에 대한 상담자와 내담자 성인애착패턴의 효과: 행위자-파트너 상호의존 모델(APIM) 분석
The Influence of Counselors’ and Clients’ Adult Attachment Pattern on Working Alliance Perception: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis
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초록
본 연구에서는 상담자와 내담자 성인애착패턴의 두 차원 즉 안전-두려움 차원과 거부-몰입 차원이 작업동맹 지각에 미치는 영향의 정도를 추정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 작업동맹 지각을 상담자와 내담자의 상호의존적인 영향으로 파악하여 작업동맹 지각에 대한 상담자 성인애착패턴과 내담자 성인애착패턴 각각의 행위자 효과와 파트너 효과를 추정하였다. 또한 성인애착패턴에 있어서 상담자와 내담자의 유사성(또는 비유사성)이 작업동맹에 미치는 영향을 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 상담자가 평정한 작업동맹에 대한 상담자 성인애착패턴의 행위자 효과, 내담자 성인애착패턴의 파트너 효과는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 내담자가 평정한 작업동맹에 대한 내담자 성인애착패턴의 행위자 효과 및 상담자 성인애착패턴의 파트너 효과 또한 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 작업동맹 지각에 대한 성인애착패턴에 있어서 상담자와 내담자의 유사성(또는 비유사성) 효과도 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 대하여 (1) 작업동맹에 미치는 성인애착패턴의 직접적 영향력은 크지 않을 가능성, (2) 상담자의 정서적 가용성의 매개효과, (3) 내담자 대인 스트레스 수준의 중재효과 등의 가능성을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The present study estimated the degree of influence of counselors’ and clients’ adult attachment pattern on working alliance perception of counselors and clients. Using an APIM that models interdependence of working alliance ratings within a counseling dyad, the significance of the actor effect and partner effect on both counselors’ and clients’ rating of working alliance was tested. On clients’ rating working alliance, both clients’ actor effect and counselors’ partner effect were insignificant. On counselors’ rating working alliance, both counselors’ act effect and clients’ partner effect were insignificant. Finally, the effect of similarity(or dissimilarity) of adult attachment patterns within a counseling dyad was also found insignificant. On these insignificant results, three points were discussed; (a) the possibility of trivial effect of adult attachments of both clients and counselors on perceptions of working alliance, (b) the importance of testing the mediation effect of counselors’ emotional availability on the relationship between clients’ adult attachment pattern and perception of working alliance, and (c) the importance of replicating moderation effect of severity of clients’ interpersonal distress on the relationship between counselors’ adult attachment pattern and perception of working alliance.
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