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상반행동 차별강화와 반응차단을 이용한 동시 중재가 지적장애 아동의 이식증에 미치는 효과: 예비연구

The Effects of Simultaneous Intervention Using Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior and Response Interruption on Pica in a Child with Intellectual Disability: A Preliminary Study

김민영|하승숙|허상
한국정서행동장애학회 (The Korean Society of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders)|2020.06|정서·행동장애연구 (JOURNAL OF EMOTIONAL & BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS)|제36권 제2호|pp. 231-247|DOI 10.33770/JEBD.36.2.11

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참고문헌

키워드

지적장애Intellectual Disability이식증상반행동 차별강화반응차단PicaDifferential Reinforcement of Incompatible BehaviorResponse Interruption

초록

이식증은 발달장애인들이 자주 보이는 문제행동들 중 하나로 잠재적으로 생명을 위협할 수 있기에 반드시 중재가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 돌을 먹는 이식증을 보이는 중도 지적장애로 진단받은 아동 1명을 대상으로 중재를 실시하였다. 중재에 앞서 실시된 기능행동평가에서 아동의 이식증은 자동적 강화에 의해 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 아동의 이식증을 치료하기 위해 상반행동 차별강화와 반응차단을 동시에 활용한 중재를 실시하였고, 중재의 효과를 평가하기 위해 B-A-B 설계가 활용되었다. 중재를 실시한 후 아동의 돌을 먹는 이식행동은 빠르게 감소했고, 돌을 버리는 상반행동은 빠르게 증가했다. 즉, 상반행동 차별강화와 반응차단을 활용한 동시 중재가 아동의 이식행동의 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 논의점과 연구에서 제기된 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언이 제시되었다.

Abstract

Pica is one of the problem behaviors frequently shown by individuals with developmental disabilities and has the potential to threaten their lives. Therefore, intervention for pica is essential. This study conducted intervention for a child with severe intellectual disability who had stone-eating pica behavior. Functional behavior assessment was performed before the intervention and the results indicated that the child's pica was maintained by automatic reinforcement. The simultaneous intervention using differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior and response interruption was implemented to treat pica of the child. In order to assess the effects of the intervention, a B-A-B design was employed. After the intervention, the child's pica behavior (stone-eating) decreased rapidly, while the incompatible behavior of throwing away stones increased quickly. In other words, the results of this study revealed that the simultaneous intervention utilizing differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior and response interruption was effective in reducing the pica behavior of the child. Based on the results of the study, implications, limitations, and suggestions for future studies were provided

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