EU 운송분야 탄소중립 정책과 배터리 산업

Abstract

With its climate change response, the EU's "2020 Climate and Energy Package" goal of reducing greenhouse gases by 20% by 2020 compared to 1990 was achieved in 2014. In the EU, carbon emissions in the field of electricity production have decreased rapidly while carbon emissions in the transport were increasing gradually until 2019. In order to achieve the EU's climate-neutral goal, it has become indispensable to achieve greenhouse gas reduction in the transport. In order to reduce greenhouse gases in the transportation sector, the EU implemented policies to regulate emissions and to expand infrastructures which help to promote the use of electric vehicles. Under the support of the EU and its member-states, the sales of electric vehicles increased rapidly. Europe is currently the second largest electric vehicle market in the World. European automotive companies are leading the global electric vehicle market. However, the role of the EU was insignificant in the battery industry, which is a core component of electric vehicles. The demand for electric vehicle batteries is growing rapidly with the increasing use of electric vehicles in China, Europe, and the United States. The European Battery Alliance (EBA) was launched in 2017 by the European Commission, EU countries, industry, and the scientific community. In addition, the EU is supporting battery research projects with the goal of building a battery value chain in the EU. South Korea's LG Energy Solutions, Samsung SDI, and SK On are the world's top 10 battery manufacturers. Korean battery manufacturers are more dependent on the European market than Chinese battery manufacturers and Japanese battery manufacturers. In 2022, CATL, a Chinese battery manufacturer, received a license for the battery production in Germany. In order to respond to Chinese companies' challenges to Korean battery makers in the European market, it is necessary to expand cooperation with local companies.