EU의 핵심광물 공급망 안정성 확보 정책

Abstract

According to statistics from the IEA, since 2019, the transportation sector has emerged as the largest source of carbon emissions beyond the power generation sector in the EU and the United States. Therefore, replacing internal combustion engines in the transport sector has emerged as a key task in curbing carbon emissions in the EU and the United States. In particular, the EU is the world's second-largest electric vehicle market after China, and the EU is actively implementing policies to promote the use of electric vehicles. In the EU, the use of electric vehicles increased significantly, and the demand for batteries also increased sharply as the use of electric vehicles expanded. In 2018, the EU Commission announced the Strategic Action Plan on Batteries with the aim of forming a battery value chain in the EU. On April 9, 2019, the EU Commission published a report titled "The Implementation of the Strategic Action Plan on Batteries: Building a Strategic Battery Value Chain in Europe" to strengthen battery production capacity in the EU. Currently, more than 50% of the world's battery production depends on China. And China is dominating battery raw materials and processing. The EU is trying to reduce its dependence on China, which is leading the global production and processing of critical raw materials. The new legislative proposal of the “Critical Raw Material Act (RMA)” was announced by the president of the European Commission on September 14, 2022. In addition, in September 2020, the EU Commission announced “the Critical Raw Materials Resilience: Charting a Path Towards Greater Security and Sustainability”, which contains action plans to secure critical raw materials. Korean government and business need prepare for the impact of the EU policy to secure supply chain of critical raw materials.