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국제인도법의 과거와 현재: 한국전쟁 이후의 발전과 시사점

The Past and Present of International Humanitarian Law : Development and Its Implications after the Korean War

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1950년 6월 25일 한국전쟁이 발발한 이후 어느덧 70여 년이 지났다. 1953년 7월 27일 정전협정 체결 이후 약 70여 년의 시간이 흐르는 동안 국제인도법 역시 상당한 변화를 겪었다. 따라서 한국전쟁 당시의 국제인도법에 따르면 합법적이었던 행위들도 이제는 새로운 규범체계에 의해 재평가되고 적용될 수밖에 없는 상황이 되었다. 이에 따라 본고에서는 한국전쟁에서의 실행을 당시의 국제인도법에 비추어 종합적으로 평가하고, 한국전쟁 이후 이루어진 국제인도법의 변화와 그 발전추세를 고려하여 현재의 관점에서 일정한 시사점을 도출한다.

Abstract

It has already been more than 70 years since the Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950. The experience in the Korean War needs to be reevaluated both historically and legally, and transformed into a “remembered war” rather than a “forgotten war”. But in terms of international law, it would not be appropriate to evaluate the Korean War "remembered" to us purely by today's legal standards. After the conclusion of the Armistice Agreement in Korea on July 27, 1953, about 70 years have passed, and international humanitarian law has undergone significant changes. Accordingly, this paper comprehensively evaluates the practice of the Korean War in light of the international humanitarian law at the time, and derives certain implications from the current perspective, considering the changes in the international humanitarian law after the Korean War and its development trend.

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