디지털 시대 민주주의의 지능성: 대의 정부에 대한 이론적 재고
Democratic Intelligence in the Digital Age: A Theoretical Reconsideration of Representative Government
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이 연구는 민주주의의 문제해결 능력이 대의 정부의 지능성에 의존한다고 주장한다. 대의 정부의 지능성을 공공선을 찾아 내는 집단적 능력으로 정의하고, 대의 정부에 내장된 귀족정과 민주정의 혼합 비율을 그 함수로 규정한다. 대의 정부의 집단 지능은 귀족정의 비율이 커지면 낮아지고, 민주정의 비율이 커지면 높아진다. 이상의 주장을 이론적으로 뒷받침하기 위하여 첫째, 선거는 민주정을 축소하고 귀족정을 확대한 대의 정부를 만들어낸다는 점을 지적한다. 둘째, 민주정을 확대하고 귀족정을 줄이면 인지 다양성에 기초한 집단 지성이 출현한다는 점을 부각한다. 셋째, 다양한 사람들의 집단이 우수한 사람들의 집단보다 문제 해결 능력이 뛰어나고 집단 예측의 정확성은 개인 예측의 정확성과 개인 예측의 다양성에 의존한다는 사실을 밝힌다. 넷째, 틈새 상품이 다양화하는 소비의 긴 꼬리 효과에 착목하여 디지털 혁명이 사람들의 인지적 다양성을 증대시키는 자기증강 메커니즘을 갖는다는 점을 확인한다. 다섯째, 디지털 시대에는 다양성을 보다 잘 반영하는 추첨에 기반한 대의 정부가 민주주의의 문제해결 능력을 높일 것이라고 예측한다.
Abstract
This research argues that democratic intelligence, or the capacity to discover common good, is a function of how to design a representative government with different proportions of democratic elements to aristocratic ones. The more democratic elements are in the representative government, the more intelligent it is. It points out that electoral competitions magnify aristocratic elements, that collective wisdom emerges as democratic elements expand, that diversity trumps ability and crowd beats average, that the long-tail effects of digital revolution self-reinforce the cognitive diversity of the people, and that the representative government selected by sortition is better at accommodating social diversity in the digital age to improve democratic intelligence.
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