조직의 목표명확성이 조직구성원의 태도와 행동에 미치는 영향: 업무자율성, 상사피드백의 조절효과를 중심으로
Influence of Goal Clarity on Employee Attitudes and Behaviors: Focusing on Moderating Effects of Autonomy and Feedback
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초록
공공조직의 목표가 민간조직의 목표에 비해 더 모호한 특성을 가진다는 것은 여러 선행연구에서 실증되어 왔다. 조직의 목표가 모호할수록 그 달성도를 측정하기 어렵고, 이는 조직수준에서의 성과평가와 관리를 어렵게 하는 요인으로 작용한다. 이에 따라 모호한 목표는 조직성과에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 미시적인 측면에서 조직구성원들의 태도와 행동에도 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 이렇듯 공공조직이 명확한 목표를 수립해야 하는 필요성에 초점을 두어 본 연구는 목표명확성이 업무몰입, 업무성과, 조직시민행동에 대한 영향력을 살펴보는 가운데, 업무자율성과 상사피드백의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 한국행정연구원에서 2016년도에 행정부 중앙공무원과 지방공무원을 대상으로 실시한 공직생활에 대한 인식조사 설문자료를 활용하여 실증분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 조직의 목표명확성은 업무몰입, 업무성과, 조직시민행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 조절변수와 관련하여, 업무자율성은 업무몰입과 조직시민행동에 대한 목표명확성의 효과를 유의하게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 상사피드백은 목표명확성과 업무성과와의 긍정적인 관계를 더욱 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Existing studies have demonstrated that goals of public organization are more ambiguous than those of private organizations. Ambiguous goals make it hard to measure the attainment, which negatively affects performance appraisal and management. They might also have negative influence on employee attitudes and behaviors. Focusing on the characteristics of goals, this research examines the influence of goal clarity on job commitment, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). It also tests the moderating roles of autonomy and feedback. Using the 2016 Public Employee Perception Survey, the research conducted a multiple regression analysis. The analysis result demonstrated the positive effect of goal clarity as well as the moderating effects of autonomy and feedback. The effects of goal clarity on job commitment and OCB became stronger under a high level of autonomy. Likewise, the relationship between goal clarity and job performance was strengthened when supervisor provided high-quality feedback.
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