트럼프 행정부의 국가안보전략(NSS): 국제정세 및 한반도에 대한 함의
Trump Administration’s National Security Strategy: Security Implications for Global Affairs and the Korean Peninsula
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미국 트럼프 행정부의 첫 국가안보전략보고서(National Security Strategy of the United States of America)가 발표되었다. 이번 보고서는 위대한 미국의 재건을 부르짖으며 당선된 트럼프 행정부의 ‘미국 우선주의(American First)’가 반영된 국가안보전략 보고서로서 ‘원칙 있는 현실주의(principled realism)’를 안보전략의 핵심으로 내세웠다. 트럼프 행정부 국가안보전략의 기본적인 상황인식은 현재의 국제질서가 근본적으로 ‘경쟁적(competitive)’이라고 보는 점이다. 특히 중국과 러시아는 미국의 힘과 영향력, 이익에 도전하면서 미국의 안보와 번영을 잠식하려고 시도하는 대표적 국가들이다. 그 뒤를 이어 이란, 북한 같은 불량국가들과 초국가적 테러집단이 미국의 안보에 위협을 가하는 요인들이다. 트럼프 행정부의 국가안보전략은 이러한 상황인식에 기초해 미 본토 방어, 번영 제고, 힘을 통한 평화, 그리고 미국의 영향력 확대 등 네 가지 목표를 내세웠다. 이러한 트럼프 행정부 국가안보전략은 강대국 관계의 긴장을 예고하며, 국제문제의 공정한 관리자라는 위치에서 스스로 후퇴하는 문제점을 안고 있다. 그와 함께 인도-태평양전략의 부상, 북핵문제에 대한 강경한 접근, 한미동맹의 결손 등은 우리가 면밀한 검토를 바탕으로 대응해야 할 사안들이다.
Abstract
The Trump administration announced its first National Security Strategy Report. President Trump declared that it is the ‘America First’ national security strategy and ‘principled realism’ will be its guiding principle. In its fundamental tenet, the most striking feature of Trump NSS is that it views the world order as ‘competitive.’ In particular, China and Russia challenge American power, attempting to erode American security and prosperity. North Korea and Islamic Republic of Iran are determined to destabilize regions. Threat groups, from jihadist terrorists to transnational criminal organizations, are actively trying to harm Americans. Based on such evaluation of the U.S. national security environment, the Trump NSS advanced four pillars of national security goals: protect the American people, the homeland, and the American way of life; promote American prosperity; preserve peace through strength; and advance American influence. The Trump NSS implies a higher tension in great power relations, and weakened commitment to global governance in the coming years. In addition, South Korea should be warned and be prepared to the rise of Indo-Pacific strategy, a stronger North Korea policy, and the deficit in Korea-U.S. alliance issues.
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