从“甲亢哥中国行”直播活动看巴赫金狂欢理论在数字时代的价值
The Value of Bakhtin's Carnival Theory in the Digital Age ― A Case Study of IShowSpeed's China Tour Livestream
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本研究以巴赫金的狂欢理论为框架，结合媒介社会学视角，对跨国网红“甲亢哥”（IShowSpeed）的中国行直播事件进行深度剖析，在解构该事件的同时反思狂欢理论在当代的应用和实践。围绕狂欢理论中“全民参与”“打破权威”“笑的力量”“加冕与脱冕”等核心范畴展开探讨。研究发现，该事件通过“现场-互动-解读-商业转化”四个空间联动，构建了数字时代网络狂欢的跨文化传播新范式。直播技术突破时空限制，将传统狂欢节的“广场性”转化为虚实交织的“超时空参与”，形成全民共创的“数字节日”。民间直播的叙事方式在消解文化权威，颠覆宏观叙事的符号化想象，同时官方主动退避话语权，形成民间话语主导的“协商式反抗”。同时“笑文化”可被收编为一种工具化传播手段，实现跨文化传播；意识形态、价值观输出以及形象确立等深层目的。流量赋能下的“加冕-脱冕”机制加速文化符号生成与崩塌，其影响突破狂欢节的暂时性，凸显数字狂欢的延时性与资本逻辑。网络直播通过重构狂欢的民主潜能与商业逻辑，正在重塑跨国文化传播的路径与边界，为理解数字时代“第二种生活”的乌托邦想象与现实的对话提供了新视角。
Abstract
This study employs Bakhtin's carnival theory as a framework, combined with a media sociology perspective, to conduct an in-depth analysis of the transnational internet celebrity "IShowSpeed's" China tour livestream event. While deconstructing this event, it reflects on the application and practice of carnival theory in contemporary contexts. The analysis focuses on counterpoint and reflection around core categories of carnival theory including "universal participation," "subversion of authority," "culture of laughter," and "crowning and decrowning." The research finds that this event constructed a new paradigm of cross-cultural communication for digital-age online carnival through the linkage of four spaces: "on-site-interaction-interpretation-commercial conversion." Livestreaming technology transcends spatiotemporal limitations, transforming the traditional carnival's "public square nature" into a virtual-real interwoven "hyper-spatiotemporal participation," forming a collectively co-created "digital festival." The narrative approach of grassroots livestreaming dissolves cultural authority and subverts the symbolic imagination of macro-narratives, while official discourse voluntarily retreats, forming a folk discourse-dominated "negotiated resistance." Meanwhile, the "culture of laughter" can be co-opted as an instrumentalized communication strategy to achieve deeper objectives such as cultural transmission, ideological dissemination, value establishment, and image construction. The "crowning-decrowning" mechanism empowered by internet traffic accelerates the generation and collapse of cultural symbols, with impacts that transcend the temporality of traditional carnivals, highlighting the delayed effects and capitalist logic of digital carnival. Through reconstructing carnival's democratic potential and commercial logic, online livestreaming is reshaping the pathways and boundaries of transnational cultural communication, providing new perspectives for understanding the dialogue between the utopian imagination and reality of "the second life" in the digital age.