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A comparative study on a polysemy go in Korean and Thai via a cognitive linguistic perspective

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동남아연구소 (Center for Southeast Asian Studies)|2011.05|동남아연구|제21권 제1호|pp. 259-285|DOI 10.21485/hufsea.2011.21.1.010

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의미 확장다의가다체험주의인지 언어학
주제분류학제간연구

초록

‘가다’는 의미의 해석에 있어 화자의 시점이 관여하는 직시적 이동 동사이자, 인간의 신체적 활동 기본 동작 중 하나로, 매우 광위적인 의미의 확장을 관찰할 수 있다. 본 고는 형태-통사적으로나 유형학적으로 상이한 한국어와 태국어에서 동사 ‘가다’의 다의 현상의 유사점과 상이점, 그리고 이러한 특성의 함의를 살펴 보는 데에 목적이 있다. 연구자는 특히 최근 의미 연구의 주류가 되고 있는 체험주의적 관점에서, 다의 연구의 중요성과 사고와 사유의 인지적 책략인 ‘개념적 은유’를 통한 의미 확장을 설명하였다. 한국어와 태국어에서 ‘가다’의 의미 확장을 살펴본 결과 양 언어에서 모두 구체적, 추상적 및 주관적 이동의 의미를 나타내는 것으로 나타났으며, 한국어에서는 [장소 + ‘가다’] 형태의 환유적 의미와, ‘이해, 길, 가치, 주름’ 등이 주체가 되는 다양한 주관적 이동의 의미가 특징적이었고, 태국어의 경우 타 동사에 선행하는 ‘가다’의 주관적 이동이 특징으로 나타났다. 또 ‘진전’과 ‘소멸’의 추상적 이동이 양 언어에서 나타났는데, 특히 ‘소멸’의 경우, 화자의 시점이 속하지 않은 다른 상태로의 이동을 의미하기 때문에 보통 부정적인 상태 변화를 함의함을 밝혔다. 한편, 타 동사에 후행하는 경우 이동의 의미 외에 상적 의미도 포착되었는데, ‘가다’의 문법화를 반영하는 이러한 상적 의미로는 양 언어에서 공통적으로 발견된 ‘진행상’ 외에, 태국어에서는 변화의 의미를 내포한 동사의 동작 완료나 상태 동사의 변화 완료를 나타내는 ‘완료상’ 이 포착되었다. 이러한 문법화는 ‘가다’ 의 중심 의미인 ‘이동’의 도식과, 함께 쓰이는 동사의 의미에 의해 동기화되어 확장된 것으로 분석되었다.

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