세계화와 정치발전이 한국복지제도 발전에 미친 영향 : 효율성에서 보상으로
The Impact of Economic Globalization and Political Development on the Welfare System in Korea : From Efficiency to Compensation
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초록
복지국가 발전에 대한 세계화의 영향에 대하여 효율성이론과 보상이론은 각기 정반대의 논리를 구사하고 있다. 효율성이론은 경제적 세계화가 국가들의 복지지출에 “하향경쟁 (Race to the Bottom)” 효과를 유발시켜 복지정책이 축소된다는 논리를 제시한다. 보상이론은 세계경제의 통합이 결과적으로 사회보장지출을 팽창시키는 효과를 가져 온다고 주장한다. 지난 50여 년 동안 한국의 복지국가 체제는 특정 부문과 계층에 제한된 혜택에서 상대적으로 포괄적인 혜택을 제공하는 체제로 전환되어왔다. 이러한 정책상의 변화를 이끈 동력은 한국 경제를 국제경제에 통합시킨 경제적 세계화와 권위주의 체제에서 민주주의 체제로의 전환으로 요약할 수 있는 정치체제 변혁이라고 할 수 있다. 위의 이론적 논쟁을 바탕으로 해서 본 연구는 한국의 복지체제의 확대를 가져온 정치경제적 메커니즘을 규명하고자 한다.
Abstract
The efficiency theory argues that economic globalization limits public welfare spending in order to attract and retain mobile capital since the increase of government social spending undermines economic efficiency and the competitiveness of domestic firms in the globalized markets. On the other hand, compensation approach contends that governments are more likely to increase public expenditures in response to global economic integration, focusing on the social demands for social protection and the political motifs of political leaders to respond to such demands. Welfare spending in Korea has expanded as its economy has been integrated into the global market. The development of the welfare system can be explained by the interaction between political transition from an authoritarian to a democratic system and economic globalization. The democratic and progressive characteristics of the Kim Dae-jung government enabled the state to compensate the economic dislocations caused by economic globalization.
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