정당과 정당원의 주관적 이념 불일치의 원인과 결과에 대한 경험적 연구
The Causes and Consequences of Ideological Incongruence between political parties and party members
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본 연구는 정당원이 소속 정당에 느끼는 주관적 이념 불일치의 요인과 그 정치적 결과에 대해서 경험적 분석을 시도한다. 2020년 총선 후 실시된 정당원 설문조사를 분석한 결과, 남성이 여성보다, 정치적 효능감이 낮을수록, 정치적 관심도가 높을수록, 당원이 소속 정당에 느끼는 이념적 동질성 정도는 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 당원의 정치적 지식이나 정당 내 역할, 정당 활동 기간과 다른 사회경제적 조건은 당원과 소속 정당의 이념적 동질성 정도에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 당원이 소속 정당에 이념적 불일치를 강하게 느낄수록, 정당이탈 의향, 정당배반 투표 확률이 높아졌으며, 정당 지도부의 리더쉽에 불만을 가질 확률이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 한국의 정당원들을 대상으로는 처음으로 정당원들과 소속 정당의 이념적 불일치의 요인과 그로 인한 정당원들의 행태를 분석하였다는 점에서 한국 정당 연구에 중요한 기여를 하였다고 생각한다.
Abstract
This research examines the causes and consequences of subjective ideological incongruence between Korean political parties and their party members. By analyzing a party membership survey in 2020, the results show that the ideological incongruence of party members is weaker when a party member’s political efficacy is low, when one’s political interest is high, and when a party member is a man. In addition, the ideological incongruence of party members increases negative evaluations of party members about the party leaders, a higher probability to either vote for another party, and/or even to leave the current party. This study contributes to the literature of Korean party studies by extending our understanding of the political behavior of Korean party members.
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