대한제국기~1950년대 교과서를 통해 본 발해 인식의 변화

Abstract

This study reviewed the descriptions of Parhae in the history textbooks from the Korean Empire period to the late 1950s. The history textbooks of the modern times faced two major issues. Externally, it was the decomposition of the premodern style of historical descriptions and internally, it was to expand and re-construct the national chronology to secure the length and superiority(imperiality) of national history. All of these perspectives motivated the change of historical description about Parhae. In a larger view, the principle was the decomposition of Silla’s legitimacy and the contextualization of Korean history in the northern native land. The specific descriptions were related to the sociopolitical demands of the time. First, until the Korean Empire period, Parhae was confined in the contextual structure of Silla’s legitimacy and considered ‘the history of neighboring state’, but entering the Residency-General period, certain changes were made to the awareness of Silla’s legitimacy and Parhae was placed on the outskirt of Korean history for the succession of Koguryo. The awareness of crisis of loss of sovereignty led to the length and imperialism of national history Second, entering the Japanese colonial period, the textbooks approved by Japan discussed Parhae as an empire in Manchuria that tribute to Japan. Fortunately, however, it clearly settled as a part of the Korean history with significance in Jang, Do Bin’s Joseon-ryeoksa-daejeon. In the situation of the Japanese colonial period, the ancient imperial experience in the north took an important part of the nationalism of resistance. Third, after the liberation of Joseon, Parhae has settled on the system of the North and South States Period and the close interaction between Parhae and Silla was unprecedently emphasized. This was stated in the national curriculum, but the descriptions in the textbooks were rather passive. The reality of division soon after the liberation was stressed as a historical content of the unification of North and South, but the same awareness was not applied to the descriptions in the textbooks. Fourth, such restricted awareness was converted even faster as the division of North and South settled after the Korean War. The historical view focused on Silla was even surpassed the awareness of the North and South States Period and the fall of Parhae was overlapped with the perspective of North Korea as an inferior other. Parhae was placed back on the outskirt of Korean history with the regretful view of the Northern Native Land. Even today, Parhae in the textbooks is still conveying the conventional view from the period of division, in terms of both the systems and the contents. Now, China has argued Parhae is the part of their history with Northeast Project of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(Dongbei-Gongcheng), and various discussions of reunification are sought for coexistence and peace. Under these circumstances, new discussions and changes are required for the history of Parhae in the history of Korea and its contents. It is hoped that this study provides a clue for the search of a certain solution to these social demands.