중국 학계의 발해사 연구 동인과 최근 연구 경향 -웨이궈중의 『발해사』를 중심으로

Abstract

The Korea-China history debate, represented by China's "Northeast Project" was sparked by Chinese academia's formalization of discussions to incorporate ancient Korean Northern History into Chinese history, led by Goguryeo history, which was considered a historical "prohibited zone (禁區)". However, the basic description of Balhae Temple in Chinese academia did not change much before and after the 'Northeast Project'. The study of Balhae history in modern China was conducted with the establishment of Northeast History as a means of overcoming the crisis of the frontier in the face of escalating crisis in the Northeast due to the invasion of imperialist powers. Modern China established Balhae as a "local regime of the Tang established by China's ancient minority, Malgal", and established a unified genealogy theory leading to Sukshin - Eupru - Mulgil - Malgal(Balhae) - Yeojin - Manchu(Cheong). The representative researcher at this time was Jin Yu-Fu(⾦毓黻). After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the appearance of claiming Balhae Temple as Chinese history has subsided. However, after the end of the Cultural Revolution, it was known that North Korea's Park Si-Hyung and Joo Young-Heon claimed Balhae as Korean history as representatives and emphasized it as a country that succeeded Goguryeo, stimulating China's research on Balhae history. Accordingly, from the late 1970s to the 1980s, research on the history of Balhae in China mainly dealt with problems such as the ethnicity, origin, subject ethnic group, and historical attribution of Balhae. And after the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China in 1992, research on the history of Balhae in South Korea stimulated China again. Since then, research on Balhae history in China has grown significantly through the 'northeast process'. For about 40 years since the 1980s, Wei Guo-Zhong(魏國忠) is the one who can represent the study of Balhae history in China. The recent "The history of Balhae(渤海史)" shows not only the perception and issues of Balhae History in Wei Guo-Zhong, but also what the Chinese academic community intends to do through Balhae History research. The conclusion is that it is part of Chinese history that is not related to Korean history, and based on “The unified multi-ethnic Nation theory“, it is not an independent country, but a local government of the party like the "special zone(特區)" today. In addition, while maintaining the perception of Chinese academia in the past three years, Chinese academic research has been undergoing a new transition in conjunction with China's excellent traditional culture, historical policies, and research support in the second period of Xi Jin-Ping's rule. In particular, the Chinese government's policy considerations and academic support at the central and local levels are feared to deepen the gap in research on Balhae history between China and Korea. In this situation, it is necessary to study Balhae history from the perspective of East Asian history beyond ‘a national history’ in order to promote the research on Balhae history in Korea. In addition, it is necessary to deepen academic exchanges with North Korea and Russia, wherethe remains of Balhae arelocated, and to establish a stable support system for emerging researchers.