北方故土意識의推移에관한고찰Ⅰ- 발해멸망~조선후기 -

Abstract

The question of title to Balhae is not only the matter of Balhae history, but also the point in dispute about how a series of history developments are understood related to Balhae as a focus. China provides that Suksin(肅愼), Uproo(挹婁), Mulgil(勿吉) and Margal(靺鞨) are ancestors of Manchu and insists that Balhae foundation secured the control over this area and Balhae led to Jurchen(女眞); it is because this is in considerable contrast to the understanding of Korea’s ancient northern nations, which are Gojoseon(古朝鮮)-Goguryeo(高句麗)-Balhae(渤海). This article has examined how the northern navive land awareness has formed as the base of Balhae reversion logic. First of all, Balhae reversion logic is divided into China’s territory succession view and Korea’s history succession view as a premise of argument and the logic has been argued in that the tribe succession as a complement of the former and the native land succession logic as a complement of the latter are combined. In addition, under the problem awareness that the northern native land awareness had not proceeded in a proactive way, it researched how a wide variety of logic had worked from each period and changed the northern native land awareness through the description related to Gojoseon, Goguryeo and Balhae stated in main history books. In the 16th century, the interest in the ancient northern-district made the history of Goguryeo be actively recognized under the influence of so-called ‘the south from the south, the north from the north(南自南北自北)’, which was addressed in Dong-kuk Chiriji(東國地理志) written by Han Baeg-gyom(韓百謙) and collaterally Balhae started to be recounted. The native land succession was extended into the one above the district of the day but Balhae was not connected to the context of the history succession. This article has grasped that LEE Jong-Whi(李種徽)’s Dongsa(東史)was on this side in contrary to previous researches. Both Goguryeo and Balhae were covered in a distinguished family history(世紀) not in dynastic annals(本紀). This is because the succession is still considered as imperfect in that the connection from Gija(箕子), Goguryeo to Balhae is segmented succession. From the mid of 18th century to 19th century, Seonchunryungseaol(先春領說) and Bungaegalseol(分界江說) were emphasized according to the criticism of political circles from the mid 18th century to 19th century in 1712 and as the results of historical investigation of geography from Han CHI-yun(韓致奫)·HAN jin-seo(韓鎭書) were accumulated, various northern-district awareness was formed. Especially, JEONG Yakyong(丁若鏞), who were positive in realistic matters such as the restoration of abolishing four districts of north provinces but passive in the ancient native land-district awareness, was opposed to KIM Jeong-ho(金正浩), who was passive in realistic matters but positive in the ancient northern-district. At that time, in the spectrum ranging from idealogical history succession awareness, the extension of northern native land to realistic native land succession awareness, the recovery of lost land in tension with Qing dynasty, each one was readjusting various debates, finding out his own argumentation point.