19세기 조선의 낙법(烙法) 전개와 현재 전승 기술과의 관계 -국가무형문화재의 낙화, 낙죽 기술을 중심으로-

Abstract

Nakbeop, a technique of drawing and expressing the intended material on a material or object using a heated metal tool, is currently being used as a core technology of nakhwajang and nakjukjang, national intangible cultural assets, and as a decorative technique for crafts using bamboo. It is not clear when nakbeop was first used, but starting in the nineteenth century, nakhwa, drawing pictures on paper using nakbeop, began to appear in earnest, and nakbeop was used for both crafts and paintings. This can be said to be a good example of the process by which genres are differentiated and established within society centered on one technique, and then continue to the current intangible technology and the process by which current related fields are established. In the nineteenth century, consumption of paintings and crafts that used nakbeop was formed to a certain extent around individuals. This means that nakbeop had the technology and system to support the consumption of paintings and crafts at the time. Although craftsmen such as the current nakhwajang and nakjukjang were not named, there were craftsmen who handled nakbeop to the extent of supplying them to government officials and the private sector, and it appears that the division of labor within the workshop was actively developed, such as the production of objects and nakbeop simun in conjunction with consumption. On the one hand, it can be assumed that during this period, as nakhwa as a painting became established, the genre became established in its current form as nakhwa as a painting, nakhwa as a craft technique, and nakjuk as a craft technique. From a technical perspective, the nakbeop used in the nineteenth century had different characteristics such as thickness and physical properties for each material, so it seems that there were detailed techniques applied according to physical properties, space, and intention, such as the strength of force or the angle of the soldering iron, just as they are now. In addition, it is presumed that there were skilled craftsmen who were engaged in specialized fields such as painting or crafts, or who were testing the craftsmanship they made, such as tobacco pipes and fans. This form of technology use is similar to the current structure of intangible cultural heritage transmission using nakbeop, showing that the structure formed during this period has continued to this day. The development process of nakbeop, which has continued from the late Joseon dynasty to today, can be found in its significance in that it is a concrete example of how the genre and technology were established and passed down through the current traditional technology.