조선 19세기 공예품에 나타난 단청 양식 칠보문의 의의

Abstract

The Chilbo pattern, which is based on several objects with an auspicious, rare, and precious value, was widely used in the craft of the late Joseon Dynasty. The Chilbo pattern is characterized by its expression differing considerably according to the shape of an object, rank of a user, decoration technique, etc. However, the Chilbo pattern, which is commonly decorated with a ribbon of convex outlines, Bomun (a kind of Chilbo pattern) with its inside divided by diagonal lines, and round beads filling its peripheral space, is identified in the craftworks made after the 19th century. The Chilbo pattern of this composition was designed to be used for the Dancheong (traditional decorative coloring) decoration of royal buildings in the late Joseon Dynasty, which appears repeatedly in many objects and may be named the Dancheong-style Chilbo pattern due to its uniform composition and detailed expression. This study explored the background which enabled the exchange of patterns between architecture and craft, revealing through artifacts that the Dancheong-style Chilbo pattern had been used for craftworks after the 19th century. Professional painters were responsible for planning and engraving Dancheong patterns during the construction project of royal buildings. In this process, they made Hwabon (illustrated manual for design) containing patterns essential to the Dancheong work. Meanwhile, professional painters and Hwabon played an important role in making craftworks and especially in distributing patterns. It is presumed that those patterns were spread through professional painters drawing patterns for their own use or through Hwabon made by them. Dancheong-style Chilbo patterns could be also transferred from architecture to craft and decoration through the exchange of human and material resources–professional painters and Hwabon. The Dancheong-style Chilbo pattern has been utilized for several genres of craft including white porcelain, textile, woodwork, metalwork, etc. since the 19th century. The Dancheong-style Chilbo pattern, which appeared in the craftwork of the 19th century, reminds us of the roles of the professional painters and Hwabon who contributed to distributing, copying, and spreading patterns in the late Joseon Dynasty, and provides clues by which one can look at the architecture and craft from an integrated point of view, that was understood segmentally in the past.