한국 제조업의 수출?내수기업 생산성 격차 분석
Productivity Difference between Exporting Firms and Domestic Firms in Korean Manufacturing Sector
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초록
본 연구는 한국 제조업의 2,500여개 기업패널자료로부터 내수기업과 수출기업의 생산성 격차를 분석 평가하고 있다. 본 연구는 수출지향정책과 생산성 및 규모의 경제효과와의 관계와(규모의 경제 가설) 시장선택가설(market selection hypothesis), 그리고 학습가설(learning hypothesis)을 기업의 패널자료를 이용하여 처음으로 실증 분석하였다. 총요소생산성 증가의 격차는 그 구성요소인 기술혁신, 효율성 개선, 규모의 경제효과의 3가지 요인으로 나누어 비교 평가되었는데 한국 제조업에서는 전반적으로 수출기업의 총요소생산성 증가율이 높은 가운데 그 격차는 규모의 경제효과, 효율성 개선, 기술혁신 3가지 요인 모두에서 수출기업이 보다 양호한 실적을 나타내고 있기 때문으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과는 내수기업과 수출기업의 양극화 해소를 위해서는 내수기업의 생산규모 확대를 위한 수출기업화 노력과 기술혁신의 확대가 필요함을 보여주고 있다.
Abstract
Constructing the firm level panel data set, the difference of productivity between domestic firms and exporting firms in Korean manufacturing sector is estimated and analyzed. The major sources of productivity gap has been found. This study found that the effects of scale economies, improvements of efficiency, and technology innovation are the major sources of the productivity gap between exporting firms and domestic firms. We concluded that the related hypotheses including the market selection hypothesis, learning hypothesis, and scale effect were found to be accepted in korean manufacturing sector. This study suggested the related policy implications to solve the efficiency gap between two groups of firms. With a very limited way, this study suggests the fact that adopting FTA in Korea will increase the productivity of domestic firms.
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