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기업패널자료를 활용한 수출의 생산성 효과 분석

An Empirical Analysis on Effects of Exports on Productivity in the Dynamic Panel Data

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주제분류무역학

초록

이 논문은 한국의 외환위기 이후 2000년-2005년 기간 동안 기업의 패널자료를 활용하여 수출과 생산, 그리고 생산성간의 인과성을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 또한 이 논문은 수출의 내생성 문제를 완화하기 위해 도구변수 방법과 system GMM을 활용하였다. 실증결과, 대부분의 국가에서처럼 한국의 수출업체도 非수출업체에 비해 생산규모가 크고 생산성이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 생산함수와 생산성 분석모형의 추정결과에서 이러한 생산성의 차이가 수출에 의한 것이라는 분명한 증거를 찾지 못하였다. 오히려 대부분의 모형에서 공통적으로 한국 제조업체의 수출 확대가 생산 확대를 가져오지 못하며 생산성 향상에도 기여하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 수출의 학습효과 가설보다는 자기선택적 가설이 지지되고 있음을 의미한다. 이는 수출 주도형 무역정책으로 인한 수출의 학습효과가 생산 증대를 유발하거나 생산성을 효과적으로 제고시키지 못하고 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

This paper empirically examines the effects of exporting on labor productivity using Korean firm-level data over the period 2000-2005. This controls for simultaneity of exports in the dynamic panel data framework using the system GMM methodology. Empirical results show that Korea's exporting firms have larger size and higher productivity than non-exporting firms, but there is no robust evidence that expansion of exports should lead to an increase in production and labor productivity in the manufacturing industries. This result supports the self-selection of more productive firms in the export market, implying that the export-led-growth strategies might not work in Korea any more.

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