기업의 수출활동이 총요소생산성에 미친 영향도 분석
The Effects of Plants' Export Activity on Total Factor Productivity in Korea
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초록
본 논문에서는 기업의 수출활동과 생산성 간의 상관관계를 수출학습효과를 중심으로 검증하였다. 한국 제조업체를 대상으로 한 기존 문헌에서는 수출학습효과가 나타나지 않거나 (Aw, Chung and Roberts 2000) 수출학습효과가 존재하더라도 그 효과가 비교적 단기에 그쳤던 것(Hahn 2004)으로 분석된 바 있다. 반면, 매칭기법을 이용한 본 논문의 분석결과에 의하면 우리나라 제조업 사업체들의 경우 총요소생산성과 관련하여 수출활동에 의한 학습효과가 존재하며 그러한 효과는 사업체의 수출활동 이후 약 4년간 지속되는 것으로 나타난다. 또한, 회귀분석을 통한 분석결과에서도 수출학습효과의 실증적 증거가 발견되나, 단순히 특정 시점에 있어서의 수출활동 여부를 학습효과를 검증하는 대리변수로 사용하기보다는 수출경험연수 혹은 누적 수출집약도를 기준으로 할 경우 수출학습효과의 증거가 보다 현저히 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다.
Abstract
his paper empirically investigates the relation between export activity and total factor productivity using Korean plant-level data with particular attention to the learning-by-exporting effect. In the previous literature that used the Korean data on this issue, it was usually found that there was no evidence for learning-by-exporting effect (e.g., Aw, Chung and Roberts, 2000) or that the learning effect was relatively short-lived (e.g., Hahn, 2004). In this paper, by introducing the matching technique of econometrics it was found that there exist some evidence for learning-by-exporting effect in the Korean manufacturing and that this effect lasts around four years after participating in export activity. With additional regression analysis, it was also found that the learning-by-exporting effect gains stronger empirical support when the degree of export experience (or accumulative export intensity) was used as a explanatory variable rather than the dummy variable of export participation. Our empirical findings lends some support to the view that the learning-by-exporting effect is midium-term phenomena.
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