기업의 생산성 격차와 국제화 전략
Productivity Difference and Globalization Strategies of Firms
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본 논문은 기업의 생산성 격차와 수출과 해외투자 등 다양한 국제화 전략과의 관계를 실증 분석한다. 통계청의 ‘기업활동조사’ 자료를 활용하여 우리나라의 제조기업을 내수기업, 수출기업, 해외직접투자기업 등 3가지로 구분한 후 이들 기업집단의 생산성 격차여부를 콜모고로프-스미르노프 검정방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 실증분석결과는 내수기업보다는 수출기업이, 수출기업보다는 해외직접투자기업이 더 높은 생산성을 갖는다는 사실을 보여 주었다. 국제화 전략에 따른 생산성격차 및 순위는 자본집약도와 R&D 집약도의 차이를 통제하거나, 모기업이 없는독립기업을 대상으로 하거나, 다년간 국제화 전략을 유지하는 경우에도 일관적으로 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 논문은 2000년대 들어서 다양해진 우리나라기업의 해외시장진출전략이 기업의 고유한 특성인 생산성에 의해 결정된다는 사실을 확인한 첫 번째 연구라는 점에서 의의를 가진다.
Abstract
This paper conducts empirical analysis on productivity difference among groups of firms that perform different globalization strategies such as exports and foreign direct investments. Using data on the Survey of Business Structure and Activities provided by the Statistics Korea, we set up three groups of firms (domestic firms, exporting firms, and foreign direct investment firms) and use Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to examine if there is any productivity differential among those groups. Our results show that the level of productivity of exporting firms is higher than that of domestic firms; and the productivity of foreign direct investment firms is even higher than that of the exporters. The results of the productivity ordering are robust to various considerations such as capital intensity, R&D intensity, presence of parent firms, and continuation of the same globalization strategy. The contribution of the paper to the literature is the first empirical study showing that the globalization strategy of Korean firms is determined by firm-specific factors using firm-level dataset.
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