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빅토리아 시대의 기독교와 ‘여성 문제’ -자유사상가들을 중심으로-

Christianity and Woman Question in Victorian Era: Focusing on Freethinkers

배인성
영국사학회|2020.12|영국연구 (The Korean Journal of British Studies)|제44호|pp. 185-215|DOI 10.22852/kjbs..44.202012.185

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참고문헌

키워드

기독교Christianity세속화여성 문제Secularization자유사상젠더 담론Woman QuestionFreethoughtGender Discussion.
주제분류역사학

초록

본 논문은 기독교와 여성문제라는 틀에서 여성의 지위, 종속, 억압 그리고 결혼제도에 관한 자유사상가들의 성서 해석과 이에 대한 대안들을 고찰한다. 빅토리아 시대는 기독교적 이상을 삶의 모든 영역에서 중요한 가치로 숭앙하면서도 신앙의 위기와 종교의 다원화를 경험하며 세속화의 문을 열었던 시기였다. 자유사상의 지적 조류는 빅토리아 시대의 세속주의 운동을 이끄는 주요한 동력으로 작용했다. 자유사상가들은 여성의 종속과 억압을 정당화하는 성차별주의적 기독교 신화를 무너뜨리기 위한 투쟁의 선봉에 섰다. 인간의 합리성에 대한 신뢰를 기반으로 종교를 거부하고 자유로운 탐구와 자유로운 언론의 원칙을 내세웠던 자유사상가들이 성서 속 여성 쟁점들에 대해 어떻게 사유했는가를 분석하는 것이 본 논문의 목적이다. 이를 위해 여성 문제에 관한 기독교도들의 입장을 비교, 검토할 것이다. 양측은 각자의 이론의 정당성을 증명하기 위해 지적으로 교류했으며 이 과정에서 자유사상가들은 여성을 남성의 '협조자'가 아닌 '동등자'로 묘사하며 주체적 시민의 자격을 부여했다. 자유사상가들의 활동은 영국 국교회가 지배하는 제국의 질서에 맞선 저항의 의미를 내포한다. 결과적으로 자유사상가들은 기독교도와는 결이 다른 시각을 통해 여성 해방의 실천 가능성을 모색했다.

Abstract

This paper examines the biblical interpretation and alternatives of freethinkers on women's status, subordination, oppression and marriage systems within the framework of Christianity and Woman Question. The Victorian era was a time when Christian ideals were revered as important values in all areas of life, but it also opened the door to secularization by experiencing a crisis of faith and the diversification of religion. The intellectual tide of freethought served as a major driving force in the Secular Movement of the Victorian era. Freethinkers were at the vanguard of the struggle to break down the sexist Christian myth that had justified women's subordination and oppression. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how freethinkers who rejected religion based on their trust in human rationality proposed free inquiry and free press thought about women's issues in the Bible. In the process, the discussion of freethinkers on women's issues will be understandable through comparison with Christians. The two sides exchanged intellectually to prove the legitimacy of their theories, in which freethinkers qualified women as equals rather than the helpmate of men. The activities of freethinkers imply resistance against the order of the empire dominated by the Church of England. As a result, freethinkers sought the possibility of women's liberation through a different perspective from Christians.

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