애니 베산트의 성경 해석과 ‘여성 문제’: 『성경에 따른 여성 지위』를 중심으로
The Biblical Interpretation and ‘Woman Question’ of Annie Besant: Focusing on the Woman’s Position According to the Bible
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본 논문의 목적은 애니 베산트의 『성경에 따른 여성 지위』를 중심으로 성경과 빅토리아 사회에 만연된 젠더 차별과의 관련성에 주목하여 성경 해석의 일면을 조명하는 데 있다. 좀 더 구체적으로는 성경과 ‘여성 문제’의 프레임 속에서 여성의 지위, 결혼제도, 간통, 섹슈얼리티, 교육 등에 관한 베산트의 견해를 자유사상이라는 지적 조류와 연결시켜 검토한다. 베산트에 따르면, 여성의 지위를 살펴보는 것은 문명의 척도를 가늠하기 위한 필수 조건이었다. 그녀는 구약시대부터 신약시대 그리고 빅토리아 시대로 이어지는 여성 지위의 궤적을 추적하였다. 구약시대 여성의 강등된 지위는 신약시대에 와서 좀 더 향상되지만 여성은 여전히 예속적인 존재였다. 기혼 여성의 예속 상태는 구약시대의 율법과 이를 수용하는 신약시대의 사도들을 거쳐 빅토리아 시대로까지 이어졌다. 베산트의 성경 해석에 대한 역사적 접근은 기독교 중심의 빅토리아 사회에서 감지되는 세속화의 일면과 자유사상가로서의 페미니즘 시각을 탐색할 수 있다는 점에서 중요성을 갖는다. 베산트에게 성경 해석은 가부장적 질서, 여성 혐오, 남성 중심적인 성경 내용이 빅토리아 사회 여성들의 삶에 깊숙이 관여하고 있는 현실을 자각하고 기독교 신화에서 벗어나 진정한 여성 평등의 삶을 살아가라는 메시지를 전달하기 위한 유용한 도구로서 기능한다.
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the Bible and gender discrimination prevalent in Victorian Society, focusing on the Annie Besant’s Woman’s position according to the Bible. More specifically, in the frame of the Bible and Woman Question, I examined Annie Besant’s views on women’s position, marriage system, adultery, sexuality, and education in connection with the intellectual trend of freethought. For her, investigating the position of women was a prerequisite for measuring the scale of civilization. She traced the trajectory of women’s position from the Old Testament to the New Testament and into the Victorian era. According to her, the degraded status of women in the Old Testament was better in the New Testament, but women were still subjugated. In particular, the subjugation position of married women led to the Victorian era through the laws of the Old Testment and the apostles of the New Testament era. The historical approach to the biblical interpretation for her was important in that it could explore one aspect of secularization sensed in Christian-centered Victorian society and the perspective of feminism as a freethinker. For her, Biblical interpretation served as a useful tool to realize that patriarchal order, misogyny, and male-centered Bible content were deeply involved in the lives of women in Victorian society and to convey the message to put into practice the true life of female equality.
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