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정치 성향과 공리주의 성향, 뉴미디어 이용이 코로나19 방역 정책에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향

The effect of political orientation, utilitarianism, and use of new media on attitudes toward COVID-19 policy

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초록

지난 3년간 지속되었던 코로나19의 전 세계적 유행은 효과적인 정부 정책뿐만 아니라 정책에 대한 시민들의 동의와 협조 또한 중요하다는 점을 명확히 보여주었다. 본 연구에서는 개인이 지닌 공리주의 성향과 정치 성향, 뉴미디어 이용 양상이 정부 정책에 대한 동의에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 탐색하였다. 2022년 2월 17일부터 23일까지 온라인 설문을 통해, 성별과 연령, 지역을 고려한 인구비례 표본 1,232명을 대상으로 정치 성향과 공리주의 성향, 뉴미디어 이용 빈도를 측정하고 정부가 실제 시행 중이던 정책과의 일치 여부 및 정책이 지향하는 도덕적 입장(공리적 대 비공리적)을 달리한 코로나19 방역 정책들에 대한 동의 정도를 측정하였다. 먼저, 정부 정책과 일치하는 방역 정책에 대해 정치 성향과 공리주의 성향의 효과를 분석한 결과, 진보적일수록 설문 당시의 정부와 일치하는 방역 정책에 상대적으로 더 동의하였으며, 공리주의 성향의 주 효과나 상호작용 효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 반면, 공리적 정책에 대한 동의에서는 정치 성향에 따라 공리주의 성향의 효과가 달라졌다. 진보적인 참가자들은 자신의 공리주의 성향과 무관하게 전반적으로 공리적 정책을 선호한 반면, 보수적인 참가자들은 상대적으로 비공리적인 정책을 선호하면서, 자신의 공리적 성향이 강할수록 공리적 정책에 대한 선호가 증가했다. 정치 성향에 따른 정책 선호의 차이는 뉴미디어 이용 빈도에 따라서 달라졌다. 정치 성향이 정부 일치 정책에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향은 뉴미디어를 빈번히 이용하는 참가자들 사이에서 더 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 개인의 정치 성향과 도덕적 성향이 정부 정책 선호에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 선택적 노출을 주요 특징으로 하는 뉴미디어의 이용이 개인 성향의 효과를 심화함을 보여준다.

Abstract

The global pandemic of COVID-19 clearly showed that successful implementation of government policies depends not only on the effectiveness of the policies but also on the cooperation of citizens. In the present study, we investigated the influence of political orientation, utilitarian propensity, and use of new media on individuals’ agreements for government policies. We recruited 1,232 participants representing the South Korean population based on their demographics (i.e., gender, age, and area of residence). Participants indicated how strongly they agreed with COVID-19 prevention polices which differ in whether they are consistent with the government policies (government-consistent vs. government-inconsistent) and whether they reflect utilitarian or non-utilitarian moral stance. First, political orientation significantly predicted the relative preference for the government-consistent to government-inconsistent policies such that more liberal individuals were more likely to agree with the prevention policies consistent with the government’s position. Second, liberals agreed more to utilitarian vs. non-utilitarian polices than conservatives regardless of their utilitarian propensity, whereas conservatives’ preferences for utilitarian vs. non-utilitarian policies varied as a function of their utilitarian propensity. Lastly, the effect of political orientation on the policy attitude was modulated by the frequency of new media usage. Political orientation had greater influence among the participants who use new media more frequently. Our findings demonstrate that political orientation and utilitarianism influence policy preference, and new media, which is characterized by selective exposure, can amplify the effect of political orientation.

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