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공중보건인가, 시민권인가: 개인적·사회적 방역지침 준수인식과 코로나19 방역정책 평가

Lifesaving or human-right-infringing? People’s evaluations of COVID-19 public health policies and comparative perception of preventative measure observance

백영민|장경은
언론정보연구소 (Institute of Communication Research)|2022.08|언론정보연구 (Journal of Communication Research)|제59권 제3호|pp. 98-147|DOI 10.22174/jcr.2022.59.3.98

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참고문헌

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COVID-19 pandemic방역수칙코로나19 팬데믹방역정책시민권 침해public health policypreventative measurecitizenship infringement
주제분류신문방송학

초록

본 연구는 코로나19 방역정책에 대한 평가에 영향을 미치는 요인과 그 과정을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 실행되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 코로나19 방역수칙에 대한 시민 스스로의 준수인식(개인적 인식)과 보통의 한국인의 준수인식(사회적 인식)이 코로나19 방역정책 평가에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 탐구하였다. 다음으로, 코로나19 방역수칙에 대한 개인적 인식과 사회적 인식에 영향을 미치는 배경변수로서 인구통계학적 속성, 정치적 성향, 사회적 신뢰, 코로나19 위협인식의 역할을 탐구하였다. 나아가, 코로나19 방역 수칙 준수에 대한 개인적·사회적 인식이 배경변수들과 코로나19 방역정책 평가의 관계를 매개하는 양상에 대해서 탐구하였다. 데이터는 할당표집한 표본 5,889명을 대상으로 실시한 온라인 설문조사를 통해 수집하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 코로나19 방역수칙에 대한 개인적 인식 수준이 높을수록 코로나19 방역정책이 필수조치라고 평 가하는 정도가 높았다. 반면, 사회적 인식 수준이 높을수록 코로나19 방역정책이 시민의 기본권을 침해한다고 평가하는 정도가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 여성, 고연령, 진보적 성향, 높은 수준의 사회적 신뢰는 코로나19 방역수칙에 대한 개인적 인식의 증가를 통해 방역정책이 필수조치라는 평가로 이어졌다. 또한, 고연령, 높은 교육수준, 진보적 성향, 보수적 성향, 높은 수준의 사회적 신뢰는 사회적 인식의 증가를 통해 방역정책이 시민권 침해라는 평가로 이어졌다. 응답자의 개인적 특성을 나타내는 동일한 배경변수일지라도 무엇을 경유하느냐에 따라 방역정책의 평가에 상이한 영향을 미친다는 점에서 방역수칙에 대한 개인적·사회적 인식은 코로나19 방역정책을 둘러싼 사회적 갈등을 설명하는 중요한 변수로 고려되어야 할 것이다.

Abstract

This study aimed to explore factors influencing the evaluation of the government's COVID-19 response in South Korea. To this end, this study explored the role of compliance perception of self and others in affecting the evaluation of the COVID-19 response. Compliance perception of self refers to the degree to which one perceives her/himself to follow the COVID-19 response, while compliance perception of others refers to the degree to which one perceives ordinary citizens to follow the COVID-19 response. Next, the role of background variables (i.e., sociodemographic characteristics, political ideology, social trust, and perceived threat of COVID-19) in influencing compliance perception of self and others was explored. Further, the process by which compliance perception of self and others mediates the relationship between background variables and the evaluation of COVID-19 response was examined. Based on data collected through an online survey of 5,889 Korean respondents, the following results were found. First, the higher the level of compliance perception of self, the higher the degree to which the COVID-19 response was evaluated as an essential measure for coping with the pandemic. Contrarily, the higher the level of compliance perception of others, the higher the degree to which the COVID-19 response was evaluated as a citizenship infringement. Second, females, older age, progressive ideology, and higher levels of social trust led to the evaluation that the COVID-19 response was an essential measure through an increase in compliance perception of self. In addition, older age, higher levels of education, progressive ideology, conservative ideology, and higher levels of social trust led to the evaluation that the COVID-19 response was a citizenship infringement through an increase in compliance perception of others. The findings of this study provide a meaningful explanation for the social conflict surrounding the COVID-19 response measures in terms of response compliance perception toward oneself and others. Implications and limitations of this study were discussed in this sense.

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