코로나19 관련 허위정보에 대한 인식과 당파성의 역할
The Role of Partisanship in Public Perceptions About the COVID-19 Misinformation
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초록
팬데믹이 확산될수록 잘못된 정보 역시 빠르게 전파되는 현상을 가르키는 이른바 인포데믹(Infodemic)의 문제는 실제 개인의 건강을 위협할 뿐만 아니라 허위정보에 취약할수록 백신 접종 거부나 방역지침에 대한 불신으로 이어져 정부의 위기관리 조정비용을 상승시키는 등 사회적 폐해를 야기하고 있다. 갈수록 뉴미디어 환경을 통해 허위정보의 유포와 확산이 용이해지고 있지만 상대적으로 누가 코로나19 관련 허위정보에 취약한가라는 질문에 대한 경험적 연구는 아직 부족한 편이다. 이러한 문제의식 속에 본 논문은 당파성(Partisanship)과 당파적 양극화(Partisan polarization)의 심화라는 정치적 환경이 코로나19 관련 허위정보에 대한 사회적 인식을 형성하는데 있어 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고 있다. 2021년 8월 말 실시한 ‘코로나19의 사회적 영향과 시민인식에 관한 온라인 패널여론조사’ 자료를 분석한 결과, 본 논문은 당파성의 유무 자체보다도 당파성의 방향과 당파적 양극화의 강도에 따라 코로나19 관련 허위정보에 대한 일반 시민의 믿음 혹은 불신 경향이 유의미한 차이를 보인다는 점을 발견하였다.
Abstract
As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had a severe effect and became politicized across the world, we have witnessed that the rapid spread of misinformation and misperceptions about the COVID-19 have been damaging to personal health as well as inflicting massive social costs for managing the public health crisis. Growing concerns about the social consequences of the COVID-19 infodemic have lead scholarly works to focus mainly on the extent to which people with misperceptions ignore the government guidelines or hesitate to vaccinate. However, much less empirical work has asked who are more susceptible to embrace misinformation. Using a online panel survey, the purpose of this study was to explore how misperceptions about the COVID-19 are distributed among the public in South Korea, focusing on the role of partisanship and partisan polarization. This analysis found that the direction and strength of partisan identities play a crucial role in embracing the COVID-19 misinformation. It also shows that presidential out-partisans tend to embrace substantially greater misperceptions than presidential co-partisans, and the partisan perception gap is more pronounced for those with higher levels of partisan polarization.
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