한국은 개인주의적 사회로 변화하고 있는가? 가족 구성, 대중가요 가사, 아기 이름 속 개인주의 변화 추이
Is South Korea Transforming into an Individualistic Society? Temporal Changes in Individualism in Family Structure, Song Lyrics, and Baby Names
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초록
한국은 지난 80년간 식민지, 전쟁, 분단, 산업화, 민주화 등을 거치며 큰 변화를 경험하였다. 본 연구는 한국의 개인주의가 어떻게 변모해 왔는지를 관찰하였다. 이를 위해 개인주의를 반영하는 지표로 널리 활용되는 인구통계학적 특성(이혼율, 가구당 평균 가구원 수, 1인 가구 비율, 독거 노인 비율, 3세대 이상 가구 대비 1세대 가구 비)과 문화적 산물(대중가요 가사 속 1인칭 대명사 사용 비율, 아기 이름의 독특성)을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 시간이 흐를수록 이혼율, 1인 가구 비율, 독거 노인 비율, 3세대 이상 가구 대비 1세대 가구 비, 대중가요 가사 속 1인칭 단수 대명사 사용 비율은 늘고 가구당 평균 가구원 수는 줄어들었다. 그러나 아기 이름의 독특성은 시간의 흐름에 따라 오히려 감소하고, 대중가요 가사 속 1인칭 복수 대명사의 비율은 통계적으로 유의한 변동이 없어, 한국의 개인주의의 변화 양상이 복합적임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 한국의 개인주의 변화 추이를 자기보고식 응답 외에 다양한 자료를 활용해 장기간에 걸쳐 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
South Korea has experienced enormous changes through colonization, the Korean War, the division of Korea, industrialization, democratization and so on over the past 80 years. The present study aimed to track how individualism in South Korea has changed. To this end, I used demographic characteristics (divorce rate, average household size, percentage of people living alone, percentage of elderly people living alone, ratio of single-generation to multi-generation households) and cultural products (the usage of first-person pronouns in popular song lyrics, the uniqueness of baby names) that have been widely used as indices of individualism. The results showed that over time the divorce rate, the percentage of living alone, the percentage of elderly people living alone, and the ratio of single-generation to multi-generation households, and the usage of first-person singular pronoun in popular song lyrics have increased, whereas average household size has decreased. However, the uniqueness in baby names has rather decreased and the usage of first-person plural pronouns has remained stable, suggesting that the temporal changes in individualism in Korea are complex. The present study has implications for tracking long-term shifts in individualism in Korea using non-self-report measures.
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