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코로나19 장기화와 정치적 양극화: 오미크론 변이 바이러스 등장과 대통령선거를 중심으로

Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic and Political Polarization: A Focus on the Emergence of the Omicron Variant and Presidential Election

백영민|장경은
한국지역언론학회 (Korean Regional Communication Research Association)|2022.09|언론과학연구 (Journal of Communication Science)|제22권 제3호|pp. 200-239

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키워드

COVID-19 pandemic위험인식risk perception코로나19 팬데믹정치적 양극화presidential election대통령 선거political polarization방역정책 평가COVID-19 response evaluation
주제분류신문방송학

초록

본 연구는 장기화되고 있는 코로나19 상황에서 팬데믹에 대한 위험(감염가능성 및 위중성) 인식과 정부의 방역정책에 대한 평가가 정치적으로 양극화되는 현상에 대해 탐구하였다. 특히, 오미크론 변이 바이러스의 등장과 대통령 선거 캠페인이 시기적으로 맞물리는 맥락적 특성에 집중하여, 시점 변화에 따른 정치적 양극화 양상을 혼합모형에 기반하여 검증하였다. 인구 대표성을 지닌 온라인 패널 설문조사를 설계하였으며, 1차 조사(Nw1 = 5,889)는 오미크론 변이 바이러스가 국내에 등장하기 이전 시점, 2차 조사는(Nw2 = 3,795) 오미크론 변이 바이러스가 등장한 이후 시점에 실행하였다. 연구 결과, 오미크론 변이 바이러스 등장 이후 코로나19 위중성 인식에서는 정치적 이념성향에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 감염가능성에 대한 인식에서는 정치적 양극화 현상이 발견되었다. 또한, 오미크론 변이 바이러스 등장 이후 코로나19 방역정책 평가에 대한 정치적 양극화가 더욱 격화된 것으로 나타났다. 새로 출범할 정부는 팬데믹을 둘러싼 정치적 갈등 해소를 선결과제로 인식하고 이를 해소하기 위한 노력을 기울여야 한다는 점을 본 연구의 함의로 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study explored the political polarization in Korean citizens’ COVID-19 risk perception (i.e., perceived susceptibility and severity) and evaluation of the government’s COVID-19 response. In the context of the overlap between the emergence of the omicron variant and the presidential election campaign, this study examined how political polarization occurred over time based on a mixed model. An online panel survey was conducted, which consisted of the first wave data(Nw2 = 5,889) being collected prior to the emergence of the omicron variant and the second wave data(Nw2 = 3,795) being collected after the emergence of the omicron variant. The findings of this study are as follows. After the emergence of the omicron variant, there was no difference in perceived severity in accordance with political ideology, but political polarization was found in perceived susceptibility. Further, political polarization was intensified in the evaluation of the COVID-19 response after the emergence of the omicron variant. The newly elected government should prioritize resolving the political polarization surrounding the pandemic.

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