现代汉语处所词的格分析

Abstract

Different from common nouns, there are restrictions in the collocation of locative words and verbs. When a verb represents a movement, it can only be followed by locative words; when a verb does not represent a movement, it cannot be followed by locative words; when a locative word only represents an institution or a group, it cannot be located in the object position of the verb representing a movement. This paper studies the locative words in the structure of "V + locative words" and the locative words in the subject position of existential sentences. These locative words are different from common nouns, and they cannot be used as the subject of Bei-sentence, the object of unergative verbsand the object of causative verbs. Every noun phrase must have a case, so where do these locative words get the case and what case do they get? This paper holds that the locative words in the structure of "V + locativewords" are not the objects of predicate verbs, and their locative meaning and dative case are obtained from the recessive light verbs which represent the objective argument. Furthermore, the locative words in the subject position of existential sentences are not the subjects, and their locative meaning and dative case are obtained from the recessive light verbs which represent the objective argument, and then the nominative case is obtained on the basis of the thematic role of dative case given by the light verbs. Finally, it is suggested that the locative words should not be classified as nouns, and another “way” should be found in the nominals.