现代汉语名词性状语的句法语义研究
A Study of Modern Chinese Nominal Adverbial with Syntactic and Semantics
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초록
现代汉语中名词充当状语是非常特别的语法现象。名词充当状语涉及到是否带状语标记“地”的问题。通过句法语义分析，表时间、处所、方位的普通名词充当状语无标;受语境的约束而弱化指称义表达工具义、比况义的指人、动物、物体的普通名充当状语无标，这是古汉语句法结构虚化的结果。现代汉语中抽象名词充当状语是有标的，这种名词的次类范畴的加标跟语言类型学的“主观化”有关，这些抽象名词带上虚化的状语语义格标记“地”表达主观义。尤其是普通名词通过并列形式加标记表达突显的方式义，数量结构通过重叠形式表达方式义。名词性成分修饰动作行为时加不加标记在语义上分化为客观义和主观义。客观义指与言者无关的，主观义指与言者的主观信念和态度相联系的意义。带标记“地”的重叠结构和并列结构表达主观义，而带介词结构的话，就无主客观之分，只表示已完全虚化的状语标记词所具有的该介词的语义格义。
Abstract
In modern Chinese, nouns act as adverbials, which are very special grammatical phenomena. Nouns as adverbials refer to the question of whether or not the adverbials mark "de(地)". By means of syntactic and semantic analysis, common nouns of table time, place and position are used as adverbials without markedness. By the constraints of context, weaker means the meaning of reference expression tools and compares. The common names of people, animals and objects, This is the ancient Chinese syntax structure of the results of the grammaticalization. In modern Chinese, abstract nouns act as adverbials, which are related to the "subjectivity" of linguistic typology. These abstract nouns carry the semantical case of mark "de(地)" to express subjective meaning. In particular, it was manner adverbial that the common nouns are expressed in the form of juxtaposition, and the quantity structure is expressed by the reduplication structures. Nominal component modified action behavior whether there is mark divisded into two kind of meanings in the semantic for the objective and subjective sense. Objective meaning refers to the speaker has nothing to do and Subjective meaning refers to the speaker's subjective beliefs and attitudes associated with the significance. The reduplication structure and the noun juxtaposition structure express the subjective meaning, while the preposition structure does not have the subjective and objective points. It only expresses the semantic meaning of the prepositive markings which have been completely grammaticalization.
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