Les images poétiques comme écriture libérée au Surréalisme

Abstract

André Breton in the famous Manifeste du surréalisme(1924) formulates the first ideas of a new direction. This date was considered as the beginning of the shaping of surrealist thought, although the name "surrealism" was already used by the poet Guillaume Apollinaire, known for his ingenuity of word name. Since the Manifesto the surrealist André Breton has become one of the most famous and interactive programs in the art of the 20th century. The author has defined the hypotheses a new direction: "Surrealism is a pure mental automatism through which it will be expressed in words, in writing, or in any other way true functioning of thoughts." Surrealist works have broken the logical order of reality through associating various elements between them, born in nothing unbridled imagination of the artist.These are visions of the limit of awakening, sleep or fantasy, often inspired by dreams, art children and mentally patient André Breton in the Manifesto of Surrealism wrote: "Surrealism depends on the higher reality of certain associations that we had not seen before, in the omnipotence of dreams, in the disinterested play of thoughts. It aims the last one to destroy all the other mental mechanisms and replace them by solving the fundamental problems of life. As a result, one of the main characteristics of surrealist texts is the abundant and systematic use of arbitrary and astonishing images. The image is the privileged place where the desire and the fantasy of the deep self are captured and expressed. It allows the opening to another world satisfying man's thirst for wonder. It is like a spontaneous spurt that is born within the subject who thinks, perceives, desires or speaks. The theory of images and automatic writing is intricate closely with the domain of "objective chance": the free association, by its spontaneous and immediate character, constitutes the axis linking these three surrealist theories. For, the image is the privileged place where the objective chance is realized and "the automatic writing is nothing other than the reintroduction of the chance in the language, whereas the objective chance is the automatic writing of the destiny in the seemingly raw facts," as Michel Carrouges writes. Thus, automatism was a means of exploring objective chance.