시장규모와 서비스 무역패턴
Market Size and Service Trade Pattern
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본 연구에서는 국가 간 교역에 있어 서비스 상품의 비중이 빠르게 증가하고 있는 상황에서 제조업 무역과는 구별되는 서비스업에서의 자국시장효과 및 요소부존효과를 식별하고 이를 통해 서비스상품에 대한 국제무역의 발생원인 및 특징을 살펴본다. 업종 간 이질성의 존재로 인하여 서비스 교역에 부과되는 비관세적 장벽의 영향이 업종별로 다르게 발생할 수 있기 때문에 서비스산업 전체 뿐 아니라 서비스산업 내 업종별 분석을 동시에 수행한다. 이를 위해 1999～2007년까지의 9년간의 OECD 서비스 교역량 자료를 가지고 Bergstrand(1989)가 제시한 일반화된 중력모형(generalized gravity model)을 기반으로 Pooled OLS, 고정효과, 확률효과 및 Hausman-Taylor 등의 패널데이터 추정방법을 이용하여 자국시장효과 및 요소부존효과의 존재여부를 살펴보았다. 이중에서 추정 계수의 일치성을 최적으로 보장하는 것으로 확인된 Hausman-Taylor 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 서비스업 전체 및 컴퓨터, 금융, 보험, 개인 서비스 업종에서 유의한 자국시장효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타나, 서비스 상품은 차별화된 재화의 성격을 지니고 있으며 교역국가 간 시장의 크기에 따라 무역을 통한 혜택이 다르게 나타나고 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 서비스 수출국이 서비스 상품을 공급할 때 거의 대부분의 서비스 업종은 노동집약적인 구조 하에서 상품을 생산하고 있으며, 수입되는 대부분의 서비스 상품은 사치재의 성격을 띠면서 소비되는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of the home-market effect and traditional comparative advantage effect arising from differences in factor endowment in service trade, using OECD service trade data between 1999 and 2007 and the generalized gravity equation of Bergstrand (1989). We employ a variety of panel econometric techniques to test the effects, of which the Hausman-Taylor method is founded to produce the best estimator. The empirical results show the presence of significant home-market effects in many service industries including computer, financial services, insurance and personal services, which are mostly labour intensive and luxuries.
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