서비스 무역장벽이 제조업의 수출에 미치는 영향: 산업 차원의 분석
The Impact of Services Trade Barriers on Exports of Manufacturing Industries
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서비스 무역자유화로 다양한 양질의 서비스에 대한 접근이 가능해지면, 서비스를 중간재로 사용하는 제조업은 보다 효율적인 중간재 조합을 통해 생산성을 향상하고 해외시장에서 경쟁력을 강화할 수 있다. 본 연구는 세계투입산출표를 이용하여 2000-2014년의 40개 국가, 18개 제조업을 대상으로 서비스 무역장벽이 제조업별 수출에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 서비스가 총중간재에서 차지하는 비중으로 측정한 서비스 집약도와 서비스 무역장벽의 교차항으로 각 제조업이 직면하는 실질 서비스 무역장벽을 포착한다. 또한 글로벌 가치사슬이 심화됨에 따라 수출총액(gross exports)에 포함되는 외국부가가치가 점점 더 증가하고 있다는 점을 고려하여 국내부가가치 수출(domestic value added in exports)로 산업의 수출성과를 측정한다. 분석 결과, 국경 간 공급(Mode 1)과 상업적 주재(Mode 3)의 개방도가 제조업의 수출에 미치는 영향은 긍정적이고 유의하였다. 이는 서비스 무역장벽이 낮은 국가가 서비스를 집약적으로 사용하는 제조업에서 더 높은 수출성과를 갖는다는 것을 의미한다.
Abstract
This paper empirically investigates the impact of services trade barriers on exports of manufacturing industries. Firms in a country with lower trade barriers in services may access a greater variety of service inputs, including less expensive and higher-quality ones. This allows firms to achieve better combinations between various inputs, leading to increased productivity. These firms will have a cost advantage in the production of goods requiring intensive use of services. This cost advantage will be greater the more important service inputs are in the production of a good. To quantify the importance of access to service inputs, we measure the service intensity from the World Input Output Database, defined as the proportion of service inputs to total intermediate inputs. Considering that with the emergence of global value chains (GVCs), gross exports increasingly include foreign value added, and thus do not appropriately reflect actual export performance of a country, we measure export performance by domestic value added in exports rather than gross exports. We find that countries with lower trade barriers in services show higher export performance in manufacturing industries that use service inputs intensively. These results are robust to the alternative empirical specifications, and remain unchanged even with the extension of cross-sectional to panel data.
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